Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: CEJ, cemento enamel junction; NaOCl, so- dium hypochlorite; CHX, chlorhexidine Introduction The setting reaction of resin composites involves polymerization shrinkage that may lead to the formation of a contraction gap at the tooth restoration interface. This gap can result in the passage of bacteria, fuids, or ions between the cavity wall and the resin composite, a process which is known as microleakage. 1 Previously, many new bonding systems have been introduced to reduce the size and incidence of gap formation following placement of a resin composite restoration. Even then, microleakage, especially at the dentin (cementum) aspect of restoration, remains a problem of clinical signifcance. 2–4 Microleakage has been demonstrated as a factor in hypersensitivity, secondary caries and pulpal pathology. 5 The success of the restorative procedures depends on the effective removal of infected dentin, prior to the placement of the restorative material. The main problem associated with microleakage can be magnifed by residual caries, as a consequence of failure to mechanically remove the infected tooth structure. 6 Histological and bacteriologic studies have shown that very few teeth are actually sterile after cavity preparation and that bacteria left in the cavity preparation could survive for longer than a year after removal of the carious dentin, it is therefore important to eliminate any remaining bacteria that may be left behind in the smear layer, at the enamel-dentin junction, or in the dentinal tubules. 7 Thus, application of disinfectants after cavity preparation and before restoration is fast gaining acceptance. It eliminates risks due to bacterial activity. 8,9 However, there is concern about the interference of cavity disinfectants with dentin bonding agents, since they have been shown to alter the sealing ability of the hydrophilic resin to the dentin. 10 Contrary to this concern, has been a suggestion that cavity disinfectants can improve the sealing ability of dentin bonding agents by rehydrating the conditioned dentin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two cavity disinfectants on the microleakage of a non-rinse dentin-bonding system, Clearfl SE Bond (Kuraray). Materials and methods Twenty freshly extracted human mandibular molars, free of cracks, caries and restorations, were used in the study. The teeth were scraped of any tissue remnants and stored in 2.6% NaOCl (Sodium hypochlorite) solution (VIP, Vensons India, Bangalore, India) for 15minutes each and rinsed under running water. They were later cleaned with pumice and stored in normal saline (NS, Fresenius Kabi, Goa, India) at 40˚C until use (Figure 1). Standardized class V cavity preparations were made on the facial and lingual surfaces of each tooth, with no 245 straight fssure bur (Mani, India) in a high speed hand piece (NSK Pana Air, Japan) utilizing water-spray coolant. Standardized preparations were obtained by making cavity preparations approximately 2mm wide, 2mm deep and 3mm long, paralleling the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The depth of the preparations was assessed using a periodontal probe (GDC, India). The gingival halves of the preparation were extended 1mm below the CEJ (Figure 2). Prepared surfaces were Adv Tissue Eng Regen Med Open Access. 2017;2(3):176‒180 176 © 2017 Varshneya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Microleakage in class V cavities restored with composite resin using chitosan and consepsis as the cavity disinfectants Volume 2 Issue 3 - 2017 Kanika Varshneya, Shiny Benjamin, Naveen DN, Mohan T Nainan, Nirupama DN, Ashok KB Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics,Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, India Correspondence: Kanika Varshneya, Department of Conservative dentistry and Endodontics,Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Tel +91 9901064313, Fax 080-28416199, Email kanika.varshneya@gmail.com Received: February 19, 2017 | Published: May 08, 2017 Abstract Aim: To compare the influence of chitosan and consepsis on bonding of composite resin to dentin and cementum. Materials and methods: Class V cavities were prepared on 20 extracted mandibular molars. The cavities in the experimental groups were pre-treated with a scrub of cavity disinfectants followed by application of bonding agent. Preparations without cavity disinfectants served as control. After the cavities were restored with resin composite (G-Aenial Universal Flo), the specimens were subjected to dye penetration. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test and Fisher Exact test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the leakage values between the Chitosan and Consepsis group. There was a statistically significant difference between the microleakage score of the bonding system with or without the cavity disinfectant. Conclusion: Chitosan was found to be similar to Consepsis, an established cavity disinfectant in preventing microleakage and was found not to interfere with bonding of composite resin to either dentin or cementum, holds potential to be used as an effective cavity disinfectant prior to restoration with composite resin. Keywords: chitosan, cavity disinfectant, chlorhexidine gluconate, dentin-bonding resin, microleakage Advances in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Article Open Access