International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology | January 2020 | Vol 9 | Issue 1 Page 190
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Raj P et al. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol. 2020 Jan;9(1):190-194
http://www.ijbcp.com
pISSN 2319-2003 | eISSN 2279-0780
Original Research Article
Women post menopause: assessment of quality of life
and socio-demographic correlates
Purnima Raj
1
, Namita Deshmukh
2
*, Avinash Borkar
2
INTRODUCTION
The World Health Organization has defined menopause
as twelve months of amenorrhea after the last menstrual
period. This process is the result of complete or partial
absence of oestrogen release from ovaries as well as
depletion of ovarian follicles.
1
With the increasing life
expectancy, a woman spends one third of her life in
menopause.
2
Menopause can have psychological,
physical, and vasomotor symptoms along with sexual
dysfunction. Nearly, 50 to 80% of women complain of
menopausal symptoms such as hot flushing, sweating,
sleep disturbance tiredness, and depression.
3
Secondly,
osteoporosis and heart disease risk may increase due to
age-related increases in weight, blood pressure, and
cholesterol levels. Current health care model treats the
symptoms but fail to recognize that severe symptoms
profoundly affect a woman‟s personal and social
functioning and ultimately the quality of life (QOL).
QOL has been defined by the WHO as the “individual's
perceptions of their position in life in the context of the
cultural and value systems in which they live and in
relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and
concerns.”
4
The assessment of QOL approach focuses on
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20195785
1
Department of Pharmacology, Late Shri Lakhiram Agrawal Memorial Government Medical College, Raigarh,
Chhattisgarh, India
2
Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
Received: 17 November 2019
Revised: 15 December 2019
Accepted: 15 December 2019
*Correspondence:
Dr. Namita Deshmukh,
Email: namitad0712@gmail.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
Background: Menopause can have psychological, physical, and vasomotor symptoms along with sexual dysfunction,
Current health care model fail to recognize that these symptoms profoundly affect a woman‟s personal and social
functioning and ultimately her quality of life. Hence, this study aims to assess the Quality of life of post-menopausal
women and finding out socio-demographic factors affecting quality of life.
Methods: A cross-sectional study in an urban slum area was undertaken and 105 females between 45-65 years of age
were interviewed using menopause-specific quality of life (MENQOL) questionnaire.
Results: The mean age of these study participants was 54.13±4.05 (45-62) years. Out of 105 post-menopausal women
included in the study, 20% were illiterate, 26.7% had completed education up to Secondary school level. Total
MENQOL scores ranged from 62-148 and total mean score was 101.3±23.44.
Conclusions: Menopause affected not only physical health of a woman but also affects psychosocial aspect of life
and this was well evident from the present study where MENQOL scores were higher indicating poor quality of life
after menopause. Ageing, lower education, lower socio-economic status, unemployment and no spouse support were
contributing to the poor quality of life.
Keywords: Menopause, Quality of life, MENQOL