Regulated hunting causes life history makeover in bears 1 2 Richard Bischof 1 , Christophe Bonenfant 2 , Inger Maren Rivrud 3 , Andreas Zedrosser 4,5 , 3 Andrea Friebe 1 , Tim Coulson 6 , Atle Mysterud 3 , Jon E. Swenson 1,7 4 5 1 Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian 6 University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway. 7 2 Université de Lyon, F-69 000, CNRS, UMR, 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie 8 Évolutive, F-69 622, Villeurbanne, France. 9 3 Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of 10 Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. 11 4 Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University College of Southeast 12 Norway, Bø NO-3800, Norway. 13 5 Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and 14 Life Sciences, Vienna A-1180, Austria. 15 6 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3PS Oxford, UK. 16 7 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim NO-7485, Norway. 17 18 *Corresponding author: richard.bischof@nmbu.no 19