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ELSEVIER
The Science of the Total Environment 158 (1994) 127-133
the Science of the
Total Environment
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A correlation between optical properties from satellite
data and some indicators of eutrophication in Lake Garda
(Italy)
E. Zilioli*, P.A. Brivio, M.A. Gomarasca
Telerilevamento, IRRS - - CNI~ 56, I/ia Aml~re, 20131 Milano, Italy
Received 12 August 1993; accepted 9 May 1994
Abstract
Here we present the first results of a research project in the field of optical remote sensing from a satellite
platform to monitor the lacustrine environment. Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery was considered, on the basis of
good performances in the visible bands, which is particularly useful for studies of water quality. The study involves
Lake Garda (Italy) and concerns the correlation between remote sensing observations of the surface characteristics
of water bodies and the eutrophication trend, as derived from bottom sediment cores. Image processing provided
radiance-derived quantities, by means of transects, from the shoreline to the pelagic environment, in two separate
sub-basins marked by different eutrophication. A correlation between the recent and present eutrophication trends
and the optical properties of the water, as seen by remote sensing, was observed. This approach can be seen as a new
remote sensing application to the study of lacustrine environments, since it permitted a comparison of instantaneous
information, taken from a space platform, with a long-term data set obtained from sediments deposited at the bottom
of the lake.
Keywords: Satellite data; Remote sensing; Lacustrine water; Eutrophication
1. Introduction
Applications of satellite remote sensing to wa-
ter mass studies are mainly based on the use of
optical bands, from blue to red, to explore rela-
tionships among upwelling spectro-radiances and
water quality parameters [1]. For lakes, studies
were aimed at the determination of various com-
* Corresponding author.
ponents such as suspended material or turbidity,
dissolved organic carbon and chlorophyll-a con-
centrations [2-4]. A prediction of the trophic
state of inland waters can be also accomplished
by means of chromaticity analysis of subsurface
irradiance reflectance, according to studies on the
lower Great Lakes [3], the French and Swiss
alpine lakes [5] and the Italian sub-alpine lakes
[6].
This paper concerns the application of remote
sensing optical analysis to the study of the water
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