Applied Mathematics, 2015, 6, 1332-1343
Published Online July 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/am
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/am.2015.68126
How to cite this paper: Cakir, M. and Arslan, D. (2015) The Adomian Decomposition Method and the Differential Transform
Method for Numerical Solution of Multi-Pantograph Delay Differential Equations. Applied Mathematics, 6, 1332-1343.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/am.2015.68126
The Adomian Decomposition Method and
the Differential Transform Method for
Numerical Solution of Multi-Pantograph
Delay Differential Equations
Musa Cakir, Derya Arslan
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
Email: cakirmusa@hotmail.com , ayredlanu@gmail.com
Received 15 May 2015; accepted 24 July 2015; published 27 July 2015
Copyright © 2015 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract
In this paper, the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) and the Differential Transform Method
(DTM) are applied to solve the multi-pantograph delay equations. The sufficient conditions are
given to assure the convergence of these methods. Several examples are presented to demonstrate
the efficiency and reliability of the ADM and the DTM; numerical results are discussed, compared
with exact solution. The results of the ADM and the DTM show its better performance than others.
These methods give the desired accurate results only in a few terms and in a series form of the so-
lution. The approach is simple and effective. These methods are used to solve many linear and
nonlinear problems and reduce the size of computational work.
Keywords
Multi-Pantograph Delay Differential Equations, Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM),
Differential Transform Method (DTM), Convergence of Adomian Decomposition Method
1. Introduction
Pantograph is a device located on the electriclocomotive. The first time, electric locomotive was made in Amer-
ica in 1851. It was commissioned in 1895. Mathematical model of pantograph was first developed by Taylor and
Ockendon (1971) [1]. Pantograph equations belong to a special class of functional-differential equations with
proportional delays and arise in many applications such as, astrophysics, nonlinear dynamical systems, probabi-
lity theory on algebraic structures, electro dynamics, quantum mechanics and cell growth, number theory, mix-
ing problems, population models, etc.