Ismail et al (2019): Anti-leishmaniasis activity of Ags NPs September 2019 Vol. 22 (IV) ©Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health SPe147 The anti- Leishmaniasis activity of green synthesis silver oxide nanoparticles Hawraa H. Ismail*,Salah Abdulla Hasoon*, Entsar J. Saheb** *Department of physics, College of women Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq **Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq Article History Received: 28/08/2019 Accepted: 24/09/2019 Available Online: 28/10/2019 Abstract The green biosynthesized nanoparticles are hydrophilic, biocompatible, and non-toxic and have an important application in different field of science. Leishmaniasis is a protozoan vector-borne disease and is one of the biggest health problems of the world. The anti-Leishmanial drugs have toxicity and the recent development of resistance. In the present study, Ag 2 O NPs was synthesized using Ficus benghalensis prop root extract (FBPRE) and used against Leishmania (L) donovani. The UV–visible adsorption spectra showed that the absorbance peak is in the range of 430 nm, the vibrational modes of phytochemicals in the extract have been characterized by technique FTIR which allow the identification and information about material. TEM, SEM and XRD pattern have been used to confirm the morphology of silver oxide, which have a spherical nanoparticles shape, and crystalline size of 16 nm. Diluted concentration (25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 μg/ml) of Ag 2 O NPs were used against L. donovani. The result indicated the effect of Ag 2 O NPs on the parasite growth rate which clearly decreased compared with L. donovani treated with the same concentrations of the standard anti leishmanial drug (pentostam drug) and the control group. The viability percentage decreased to 66.3 ± 5.44 % compare with group that treated with the pentostam which was 270.0 ± 4.33 in 300μg/mL concentration after 72 hours. The current results concluded that Ag NPs had an effect to inhibit L. donovani growth in vitro following the infection with parasite. Keywords: Green biosynthesized, silver oxide nanoparticles, Leishmania donovani, antiparasitic effect. How to cite this article: Ismail HH, Hasoon SA, Saheb EJ (2019): The Anti-Leishmaniasis activity of green synthesis silver oxide nanoparticles, Ann Trop Med & Public Health; 22(IV):SPe147. DOI: 10.36295/ASRO.2019.22044 Introduction Nano biotechnology has being developed using nano sized particles to treat many diseases including human tumors. Nano sized particles are very useful due to their nano-scale structure and size as well as their unique biological effects (1). In nanotechnology, green chemicals have been used for the synthesis of many metallic nanoparticles without addition of any external chemical material that is responsible for causing environmental contamination (2, 3). Green synthesis method of metallic nanoparticles produced by using extracts from different plants and their parts as reducing and capping agent(4).