Giampaoli, J., Goto, K., Hart, S., Yang, S., Wylie, A/ Californian Journal of Health Promotion 2019, Volume 17, Issue 1, Pages 45-
60.
45
Factors Associated with Mindful Food Parenting Practices
Joan Giampaoli
1
, Keiko Goto
1
, Shelley R. Hart
2
, Sheng Yang
3
, and Alyson Wylie
4
1
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, CSU, Chico
2
Department of Child Development, CSU, Chico
3
Department of Sociology, CSU, Chico
4
Center for Healthy Communities (CHC), CSU, Chico
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The prevalence of childhood obesity remains a concern in the United States
and puts children at risk for poor health. As parents are the primary caretakers of their children, the practice
of mindful food parenting may help parents moderate their child’s food consumption and food choices. The
purpose of this research was to identify the factors associated with mindful food parenting practices among
Hispanic and non-Hispanic white parents in two low-income schools in rural northern California. Methods:
Two hundred ninety three parents of 3
rd
through 5
th
grade elementary school children completed a four part
mindful food parenting practices survey developed to measure the factors associated with mindful food
parenting practices. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed four mindful food parenting practices
domains which were positively associated with several mindful food parenting practices such as eating
family meals together and present-centered awareness (p≤0.001) and cooking meals at home and hunger-
fullness awareness (p≤0.001). Several demographic variables were associated with the mindful food
parenting practices. Conclusions: As parents are more mindful and attentive to their child’s eating
behaviors, there is a greater potential for a positive parental impact on their child’s food intake and types
of foods consumed, and indirectly, the health of their child.
© 2019 Californian Journal of Health Promotion. All rights reserved.
Keywords: mindfulness, mindful food parenting practices, obesity, elementary school children
Introduction
Childhood Obesity Statistics
Child obesity remains a concern in the United
States despite focused efforts on reducing this
epidemic (Dalen, Brody, Staples, & Sedillo,
2015; Skinner, Ravenbakht, Skelton, Perrin, &
Armstrong, 2018). The Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, National Center for
Health Statistics (CDC-NCHS) report the
prevalence of obesity among youth aged 2-19 in
2015-2016 at 18.5% with an increase in
prevalence being observed from 1999-2000 and
2015-2016. (CDC-NCHS, 2017). Hispanic
youths (25.8%) and non-Hispanic black youths
(22.0%) had higher obesity prevalence rates than
non-Hispanic white youths (14.1%) (CDC,
2018).
Children from low-income families are
disproportionately affected by obesity (Singh,
Siahpush, & Kogan, 2010). Ogden, Carroll,
Fakhouri, Hales, Fryar, Li, and Freedman (2018)
analyzed data from the 2011-2014 National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES). Findings from their analysis
revealed the prevalence of obesity was highest
(18.9%) in the lowest income group and lowest
the highest income group (10.9%). Further,
Ogden et al., (2018) found that the prevalence of
obesity decreased with the increasing level of
education of the head of household.
Home environmental characteristics have been
associated with obesity such as eating practices in
the home, eating-related parenting styles, and
family relationships (Bauer, Berge, & Neumark-
Aztainer, 2011).