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Ebola research https://doi.org/10.12980/apjtd.7.2017D6-386 ©2017 by the Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. All rights reserved.
Public acceptance of a hypothetical Ebola virus vaccine in Aceh, Indonesia: A hospital-based survey
Harapan Harapan
1,2,3*
, Samsul Anwar
4
, Muhammad Nazli Ferdian
1
, Salwiyadi Salwiyadi
1
, Aga Sunanda Imanda
1
, Roully Azhars
1
, Dheni Fidiyah
Fika
1
, Darul Ilham
1
, Arya Utama Timur
1
, Juwita Sahputri
1
, Reza Maulana
1
, Hendra Kurniawan
5
, Maduka Donatus Ughasoro
6
1
Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
2
Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
3
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
4
Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
5
Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
6
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu P.M.B 01129, Nigeria
Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2017; 7(4): 193-198
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease
journal homepage: http://www.apjtcm.com
*Corresponding author: Harapan Harapan, Medical Research Unit, School of
Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Jl. T. Tanoeh Abe, Darussalam, Banda Aceh
23111, Indonesia.
Tel/Fax: +62 (0) 651 7551843
E-mail: harapan@unsyiah.ac.id
The study was performed according to the Helsinki declaration and approved by
Ethical Clearance Committee of the School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University,
Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Informed written consent was obtained from participants.
The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited
international editorial board members.
1. Introduction
Ebola virus disease (EVD) has the potential of causing high
mortality in human population. The worst outbreak since the first
EVD case of 1976 was reported during the 2014’s epidemic[1].
During the epidemic, a total of 27 741 people were affected, with
41% case-fatality rate[2]. In an effort to develop an effective control
strategy, the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration
with pharmaceutical firms embarked on the development of Ebola
virus vaccines (EVV)[3,4]. After a few clinical trials, a vaccine has
been found to be efficacious and effective[5].
In view of the recent advances in EVV and the global impact of
the recent outbreak in West African countries, it is obvious that
introduction of the EVV is imminent once approved for public
use. Although the mode and pattern of EVD introduction are not
clear now, areas affected by the last outbreak will be among the
priority areas. However, the EVV will also be introduced in other
areas with low risk of Ebola virus outbreak such as Indonesia
and other archipelago countries. No case of EVD was reported in
Indonesia, but the country is on a major travel route as well as near
Philippines which had reported EVD[6]. This raises concern on
acceptance towards EVV in such areas that are considered low-risk
areas. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the acceptance of a
hypothetical EVV by inhabitants of Aceh, Indonesia. The outcome
of this study will give insight to challenges that may encounter in
the course of EVV introduction.
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the acceptance towards a hypothetical Ebola virus vaccine (EVV) and
associated factors in a non-affected country, Indonesia.
Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in four regencies of Aceh,
Indonesia. A set of pre-tested questionnaires was used to obtain information on acceptance
towards EVV and a range of explanatory variables. Associations between EVV acceptance
and explanatory variables were tested using multi-steps logistic regression analysis and the
Spearman's rank correlation.
Results: Participants who had knowledge on Ebola virus disease (EVD) were 45.3% (192/424)
and none of the participants achieved 80% correct answers on the knowledge regarding to
EVD. About 73% of participants expressed their willingness to receive the EVV. Education
attainment, occupation, monthly income, have heard regarding to EVD previously, socio-
economic level, attitude towards vaccination practice and knowledge regarding to EVD were
associated significantly with acceptance towards EVV in univariate analysis (P < 0.05). In
the final multivariate model, socio-economic level, attitude towards vaccination practice and
knowledge regarding to EVD were the independent explanatory variables for EVV acceptance.
Conclusions: The knowledge of EVD was low, but this minimally affected the acceptance
towards EVV. However, to facilitate optimal uptake of EVV, dissemination of vaccine-related
information prior to its introduction is required.
Article history:
Received 24 Oct 2016
Received in revised form 3 Nov, 2nd
revised form 4 Nov, 3rd revised form
14 Dec 2016
Accepted 22 Feb 2017
Available online 14 Apr 2017
Keywords:
Ebola virus
Ebola virus disease
Ebola vaccine
Vaccine acceptance
Indonesia