RESEARCH Current Research Continuing Education Questionnaire, page 491 Meets learning need codes 3000, 3010, 9010, and 9020 Low Energy Reporting May Increase in Intervention Participants Enrolled in Dietary Intervention Trials BETTE CAAN, DrPH; RACHEL BALLARD-BARBASH, MD, MPH; MARTHA L. SLATTERY, PhD, MPH, RD; JOAN L. PINSKY, MA; FRANK L. IBER, MD; DONNA J. MATESKI, MS, RD; JAMES R. MARSHALL, PhD; ELECTRA D. PASKETT, PhD; MOSHE SHIKE, MD; JOEL L. WEISSFELD, MD; ARTHUR SCHATZKIN, MD; ELAINE LANZA, PhD ABSTRACT Objective To examine differences in low energy intake re- porting between intervention and control groups during a dietary intervention trial. Design Retrospective data analysis from a subcohort of participants in the Polyp Prevention Trial (PPT), a 4-year, multisite, randomized, controlled dietary inter- vention trial. Intervention consisted of educational mate- rial and counseling sessions supporting a low-fat, high- fiber diet. Baseline and annual demographics, behavioral characteristics, energy intake (EI) based on self-reported 4-day food records, and height and weight of participants were collected at baseline and annually. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was estimated (using the Schofield equation) to calculate EI/BMR. Subjects Of the 443 participants (302 male, 141 female) at baseline, 195 (43.3%) were younger than 60 years, and 394 (91%) were white. At Year 4, 383 participants remained: 186 (122 men, 64 women) in the intervention group, and 197 (133 men, 64 women) in the control group. Statistical Analyses Using either paired t tests or analysis of variance, the differences between the means for EI, weight, and EI/BMR were compared at baseline, Year 1, and Year 4 for the participants who remained at Year 4. The Goldberg EI/BMR cutoff value of 1.06 (for plausible EI) identified participants who reported low EI. Linear regression was used to quantify the association of various risk factors to EI/BMR and for multivariate analyses within groups.  2 B. Caan is a senior research scientist with Kaiser Per- manente Medical Care Program of Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland. R. Ballard-Barbash is associate director, Applied Research Program with the National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Preven- tion and Control, Applied Research Program, Bethesda, MD. M. L. Slattery is a professor with University of Utah School of Medicine Department of Family and Pre- ventive Medicine, Salt Lake City. J. L. Pinsky is a se- nior systems analyst with Westat, Rockville, MD. F. L. Iber is Emeritus professor of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago and volunteer clinic director, Gastroenterology Clinic, Edward Hines, Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL. D. J. Mateski at the time of the study was a research nutri- tionist with the Gastroenterology Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC. J. R. Marshall is senior vice president for Cancer Prevention and Popu- lation Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY. E. D. Paskett is currently Marion N. Rowley Profes- sor of Cancer Research with the School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus; at the time of this study she was with the Department of Public Health Services, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. M. Shike is director, MSK Cancer Prevention and Wellness Program with Memorial Sloan-Kettering Can- cer Center, Memorial Hospital for Cancer & Allied Dis- eases, New York, NY. J. L. Weissfeld is associate profes- sor of Epidemiology with the Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. A. Schatzkin is chief, Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics with the National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics/Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Rockville, MD. E. Lanza is senior investigator with the National Cancer Institute Cancer Prevention Studies Branch, Bethesda, MD. Address correspondence to: Bette Caan, DrPH, Divi- sion of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Pro- gram, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612. E-mail: bjc@dor.kaiser.org Presented in part at the Fourth International Confer- ence on Dietary Assessment Methods, Tucson, AZ, Sep- tember 19, 2000, and published in abstract form in the proceedings. Copyright © 2004 by the American Dietetic Association. 0002-8223/04/10403-0012$30.00/0 doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2003.12.023 © 2004 by the American Dietetic Association Journal of THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 357