Review Article An Insight into the Current Understanding of Status Epilepticus: From Concept to Management Khouloud Abdulrhman Al-Sofyani Department of Pediatric, Pediatric Intensive Critical Care Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoKhouloudAbdulrhmanAl-Sofyani;kalsofyani@kau.edu.sa Received 31 March 2021; Revised 11 June 2021; Accepted 19 June 2021; Published 13 July 2021 AcademicEditor:MamededeCarvalho Copyright©2021KhouloudAbdulrhmanAl-Sofyani.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommons AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis properlycited. Status epilepticus (SE), a subset of epilepsy, represents a debilitating neurological disorder often associated with alarming mortalityandmorbiditynumbers.EventhoughSEisoneoftheextensivelyresearchedtopicswithconspicuousdataavailablein the literature, a scientific gap exists in understanding the heterogeneous facets of the disorder like occurrence, definition, classification, causes, molecular mechanisms, etc., thereby providing a defined management program. Cognizance of this heterogeneity and scientific limitation with its subsequent correlation to the recent advancements in medical and scientific domainswouldservenotonlyinbridgingthegapbutalsoindevelopingholisticandpromptmanagementprograms.Keepingthis asanobjective,anextensiveliteraturesurveywasperformedduringthisstudy,andkeyfindingshavebeenshared.epresent studyprovidesasemanticandperspectivesynopsistowardacknowledgingthediversifiednatureofSEanditsvariantswithrespect to their definition, classification, etiology, diagnosis, and management. 1. Introduction Epilepsy is a neurological disorder marked by sudden re- current episodes of sensory/motor disturbances, impaired consciousness due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical condition where the seizures are prolonged and require urgent medical in- tervention, resulting in long-lasting consequences and fa- talities if left untreated or unattended. Approximately 1.3–16%ofthesubjectswhosufferfromepilepsyeventually deteriorate to status epilepticus (SE) condition [1]. Status epilepticus is one of the most prevalent pediatric neurologicalemergencies,onlysecondtostroke,resultingin neurological intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Global statistical data reveals the incidences of SE are around 50 patientsper100,000populationperyearwithamortalityrate ofaround2.5%[2].eexactmeaningofstatusepilepticus (SE)iscontext-specific.However,SEcanbesimplyphrasedas prolonged seizures demanding urgent medical intervention, which may result in higher morbidity and mortality rates if eitherleftunattendedordelayinthecourseofaction[3]. AlthoughSEcouldhappenatanyage,itsimpactismost pronounced in the vulnerable age groups comprising chil- drenandolderadults[4–7].SEispredominantlyprevalent in neonates and infants as compared to the elderly adult population[8].IncidenceofSEinchildrenbelowoneyearof age was found to be almost 150 per 100,000 population, whileintheagegroup1–5years,theincidenceratesdeclined to <25per100,000peoplebeforerisingto >50per100,000 forpeopleabove40yearsofage[5].Inanothersurvey,the prevalence of SE in children aged <5 years was 7.5 per 100,000and22.3per100,000fortheelderlypopulation[5]. Continuous EEG surveillance is one of the significant rea- sonsfortheobservedhigherprevalencerateofSEinchil- dren[4,9]. Concerning the socioeconomic parameters, higher SE prevalenceisobservedindevelopingcountriesascompared tothedevelopedcountries.ehigherprevalenceofSEin developingcountriesisduetoscarcityofproperhealthcare infrastructure, sustainable management policies, compro- misedhygienicconditions,andinadequateresources,which isalsoreflectedinthehighermortalityindex.eavailable Hindawi Neurology Research International Volume 2021, Article ID 9976754, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9976754