Network and Complex Systems www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-610X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0603 (Online) Vol.3, No.9, 2013 21 Analyzing Performance of ZRP by Varying Node Density and Transmission Range Mr. Vishal A. Polara (M.E. Student) Department of Computer Science and Engineering Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology Vadodara,Gujarat,India E-mail: vishalpolara@gmail.com Prof. Jwalant B. Baria Department of Computer Science and Engineering Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology Vadodara,Gujarat,India E-mail: jwalant.baria@gmail.com Abstract Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that are arbitrarily located so that the interconnections between nodes are dynamically changing. In MANET mobile nodes forms a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Each node participating in the network acts both as host and a router and must therefore is willing to forward packets for other nodes. For this purpose, a routing protocol is needed. A routing protocol is used to find routes between mobile nodes to facilitate communication within the network. The Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) is a hybrid routing protocol for MANET which combines the advantages of the proactive and reactive approaches by maintaining an up-to-date topological map of a zone centered on each node. I am going to do simulation based study in order to analyze performance of ZRP protocol and I use Network Simulator (NS-2) tool to analysis performance of ZRP and analysis by varying node density and transmission range on different parameter like throughput, average end to end delay, and Normalized Routing load. Keywords:Routing Protocols, ZRP, Proactive Routing, Reactive Routing, Hybrid Routing. 1. Introduction The wireless network can be classified into two types: Infrastructure or Infrastructure less. In Infrastructure wireless networks, the mobile node can move while communicating, the base stations are fixed and as the node goes out of the range of a base station, it gets into the range of another base station. In Infrastructure less or Ad Hoc wireless network, the mobile node can move while communicating, there are no fixed base stations and all the nodes in the network act as routers. The mobile nodes in the Ad Hoc network dynamically establish routing among themselves to form their own network ‘on the fly’. Ad-hoc networks are also capable of handling topology changes and malfunctions in nodes. It is fixed through network reconfiguration. The routing protocol has two main functions, selection of routes for various source-destination pairs and the delivery of messages to their correct destination. The second function is conceptually straightforward using a variety of protocols and data structures (routing tables). This report is focused on selecting and finding routes. This paper contains all the detail about ZRP protocol and the result generate from various scenarios taken for simulation with conclusion and also mentions the parameter use for generating the result. 2. Overview of Protocol Here basic overview of protocol and how it work is given. Proactive routing uses excess bandwidth to maintain routing information, while reactive routing involves long route request delays. Reactive routing also inefficiently floods the entire network for route determination. so Now ZRP is used mechanism of both the type of protocol and provide better way for successfully transmitting packet from source to destination. ZRP can be categorized as a flat protocol because the zones overlap. Hence, optimal routes can be detected and network congestion can