Research Article Evaluation of Implant Success in Patients with Dental Aplasia Sameh Attia , 1 Ella Schaper, 1 Heidrun Schaaf, 1 Jörn Pons-Kühnemann, 2 Maximiliane Amelie Schlenz, 3 Philipp Streckbein, 1 Sebastian Böttger, 1 Hans-Peter Howaldt, 1 and Jan-Falco Wilbrand 1 1 Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinik Str. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany 2 Institute for Medical Informatics and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim Str. 6, 35392 Giessen, Germany 3 Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Prosthodontics, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany Correspondence should be addressed to Sameh Attia; sameh.attia@dentist.med.uni-giessen.de Received 26 February 2019; Revised 30 April 2019; Accepted 30 May 2019; Published 19 June 2019 Guest Editor: Maria Sartori Copyright © 2019 Sameh Attia et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction. Dental aplasia is an anomaly in which the number of teeth is reduced. It is the most commonly occurring dental anomaly during tooth development. Treatment management of patients with dental aplasia is challenging. Objectives. Te aim of this retrospective clinical study was to analyze the survival and success rates of dental implants placed in hypodontic patients, rated with diferent criteria. Methods. Forty-three patients were diagnosed with dental aplasia and treated with dental implants between November 2000 and February 2016. Te variables assessed included the plaque level, bleeding on probing, probing depth, implant mobility, implant stability, and implant loss. To analyze the peri-implant bone level, a panoramic X-ray of each patient was taken. Te results were compared with X-rays taken immediately afer implantation. Results. Tirty-seven patients (16 males; 21 females) participated in this study. In total, 155 implants (86 maxillary; 69 mandibular) were inserted. Two of the 155 implants failed; the in situ survival rate was 98.7%. Te success rate according to the criteria of Buser et al. was 96.8%, and that according to the criteria of Albrektsson et al. was 88.4%. Conclusion. Te survival and success rates of dental implants in patients with congenitally absent teeth were very high and did not difer signifcantly from results achieved in an unafected population. Dental implants are a reliable therapy for patients with dental aplasia. 1. Introduction Types of dental aplasia include hypodontia, oligodontia, and anodontia. Hypodontia is the absence of one to fve teeth, and oligodontia is the absence of more than fve teeth, excluding the wisdom teeth [1]. Anodontia is character- ized by the partial or complete absence of deciduous and permanent dentition [2]. Te prevalence of dental aplasia in the deciduous dentition varies among countries, with a reported range of 0.2% to 0.9% [3, 4]. Agenesis of the primary dentition is associated with an increased risk of tooth absence in the secondary dentition [5]. Te prevalence of hypodontia in the permanent dentition is 2–10% [6, 7]. Sev- eral studies have documented an uneven sex distribution for dental aplasia, with a greater prevalence among females than among males [8–10]. Te most frequently absent teeth in the permanent dentition are the mandibular second premolars (1–5%), maxillary lateral incisors (0.5–3%), maxillary second premolars (1–2.5%), and mandibular lateral incisors (0.5%). Te prevalence of wisdom tooth absence is 10–35% [6]. Dental aplasia is associated with several syndromes, such as ectodermal dysplasia, clef lip, clef palate, Rieger syndrome, and Down’s syndrome [11]. Te etiology of hypodontia may involve genetic (nonsyndromal) factors [12]. Seven genes are known to be associated with the development of dental aplasia: MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, EDA, EDARADD, NEMO, and KRT17141 [13]. However, the exact etiopathogenesis of dental aplasia is not completely clear [14]. Although there is no clear relationship between dental aplasia and bone metabolic disease recorded, many clinical signs are generally observed. Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2019, Article ID 1680158, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1680158