Iouri Belski, The Impact of Self-Assessment and Reflection on Student Learning Outcomes
Proceedings of the 2010 AaeE Conference, Sydney, Copyright © Iouri Belski, 2010
The Impact of Self-Assessment and Reflection on Student
Learning Outcomes
Iouri Belski
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
iouri.belski@rmit.edu.au
Abstract: It has been found that the Task Evaluation and Reflection Instrument for Student
Self-Assessment (TERISSA) has helped many educators to improve student satisfaction with
educational feedback by engaging students in self-assessment and reflection. This paper
evaluated the impact of TERISSA, used in formative assessment on student learning
outcomes. It presents the results of an experiment conducted in semester 1 of 2009, where
those students engaged in self-assessment and reflection with TERISSA achieved better
grades than students who did not use TERISSA.
Keywords – self-assessment, reflection, educational feedback, learning outcomes, student
satisfaction.
Introduction
It is a well known that students can produce valid educational feedback both for themselves and for
their peers (Heron, 1981). This can be achieved by engaging students in self-assessment and/or peer-
assessment; and this has been demonstrated as a valid approach to self-improvement in engineering
education (Boud & Holmes, 1981). The outcomes of student self- and peer-assessment can be
manifold. It has been shown by a number of authors that well implemented self- and peer-assessment
can notably improve educational feedback and simultaneously save significant time and effort for
educators. Self- and peer-assessment can also result in better engagement and improved students’
course performance. The following are just a few recent accounts of effective implementation of self-
and peer-assessment.
‘Traditional’ Implementation of Self- and Peer-assessment
McDonald and Boud reported on teachers effectively developing students’ self-assessment skills
(McDonald & Boud, 2003). O’Shea and Bigdan engaged students in peer-assessment by devising an
academic version of the Biggest Loser competition (O’Shea & Bigdan, 2008). Belski, Harlim and De
Silva reported on statistically significant improvements in teaching quality indicators for numerous
units that engaged students in self-assessment and reflection by means of the Task Evaluation and
Reflection Instrument for Student Self-Assessment (TERISSA) (Belski, 2007, 2009b; Harlim, De
Silva, & Belski, 2009).
Implementation of Self- and Peer-assessment Using IT/web Resources
Most of the recent studies actively used IT/web resources to engage students in self- and peer-
assessment. Turns reported on the effectiveness of the Reflective Learner web-based environment in
enhancing the traditional practice of self-assessment, by writing 'learning essays' on learning
experiences (Turns, 1997). Smith and Kampf achieved effective peer-assessment by supporting
informal cooperative student learning groups using the WebCT as a peer-review system (Smith &
Kampf, 2004). McGourty reported on the effectiveness of the Team Developer computer-based survey
system in engaging students in generating multisource feedback (McGourty, 2000). Willey and
Gardner used the web-based tool SPARK
PLUS
to facilitate learning orientated peer-assessment (Willey
& Gardner, 2009). Kay, Li and Fekete proposed an exciting two-stage process of self-assessment and
reflection (Kay, Li, & Fekete, 2007) that engaged students in reflection-on-action, and in reflection-in-
action as suggested by Schön (Schön, 1987). There are also many reports on successful usage of Wikis
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