Research Article Polycystic Ovarian Condition May Be a Risk Factor for Ovarian Tumor Development in the Laying Hen Model of Spontaneous Ovarian Cancer Hyun Ju Lee, 1 Janice M. Bahr, 2 Pincas Bitterman, 3 Sanjib Basu, 4 Sameer Sharma, 5 Jacques S. Abramowicz, 6 and Animesh Barua 3,5,7 1 College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA 2 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA 3 Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA 4 Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA 6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, IL, USA 7 Deaprtment of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Animesh Barua; animesh_barua@rush.edu Received 19 January 2018; Revised 26 August 2018; Accepted 17 September 2018; Published 25 November 2018 Academic Editor: Kurt Blaser Copyright © 2018 Hyun Ju Lee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Chronic inflammation and long-standing oxidative stress are potential predisposing factors for developing malignancies, including ovarian cancer (OVCA). Information on the association of ovarian chronic abnormal conditions, including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), with the development of OVCA is unknown. The goal of this study was to examine if polycystic ovarian conditions are associated with OVCA development. In the exploratory study, 3–4-year-old laying hens were randomly selected and examined for the presence of polycystic ovaries with cancer (PCOC). In the prospective study, hens were monitored by ultrasound scanning to detect the incidence of a polycystic ovaries and subsequent development of OVCA. Tissues from normal ovaries and PCOC were examined for macrophage infiltration, expression of interleukin-16, and superoxide dismutase 2. The exploratory study detected spontaneous PCOC at early and late stages in hens. PCOC in hens were accompanied with influx of macrophages (17.33 ± 2.26 in PCOC at the early stage and 24.24 ± 2.5 in PCOC at the late stage in 20 mm 2 areas of tissue as compared with 6.77 ± 1.58 in normal hens). Expression of interleukin-16 was more than 2.5-fold higher and superoxide dismutase 2 was approximately 3-fold higher in PCOC hens than normal hens. The prospective study showed the development of OVCA in some hens with polycystic ovarian condition (PCO). PCOC development in hens was associated with chronic inflammation in the ovary. Laying hens may represent a potential model for the study of spontaneous PCOS and its long-term risk of PCOC development. 1. Introduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological disorder affecting 5–10% women of reproductive age [1, 2]. PCOS is reported to be associated with endocrine and metabolic disorders leading to the manifestation of heteroge- neous symptoms [3]. Although extensive studies have been performed, molecular etiology and long-term risks of PCOS remain controversial and largely unknown. Extensive studies further showed an association of PCOS with other serious conditions. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases have been suggested as risk factors associated with PCOS [4], but whether additional long-term risks like the development of malignancies are associated with this syndrome is unknown. A few studies have suggested an association of PCOS with malignancies including ovarian cancer (OVCA) [5, 6] and endometrial cancer [7, 8]. Therefore, information on early etiologies as well as long-term risks of PCOS is urgently Hindawi Journal of Immunology Research Volume 2018, Article ID 2590910, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2590910