Inventi Rapid: Combustion Vol. 2014, Issue 4 2014 eco 064, CCC: $10 © Inventi Journals (P) Ltd Published on Web 24/07/2014, www.inventi.in RESEARCH ARTICLE INTRODUCTION Majority of the world’s energy needs are supplied through petrochemical source, coal and natural gases, with the exception of wind power, hydroelectricity and nuclear energy; of all, these sources are finite and at current usage rates will be exhausted shortly. Diesel fuels [1-3] have an essential function in the industrial economy of developing countries and are used for transport of industrial and agricultural goods, operation of diesel tractor and pump sets in agricultural sector. Economic growth is always accompanied by proportionate increase in the transport. The high energy demand in the industrialized world as well as in the domestic sector and pollution problems caused due to the widespread use of petroleum fuels demands to develop the renewable energy sources of limitless duration and smaller environmental impact than the traditional one. This has stimulated recent interest in alternative sources for petroleum based fuels. Diesel engines are the most proficient prime movers. From the point of view of protecting global environment and concerns for long-term energy security, it becomes necessary to develop alternative fuels with greater engine performance and efficiency as that of conventional diesel. Diesel water emulsions have come into recent field of study in 1931 by Joseph Vance, up to 40-60% of water was added to the liquid hydrocarbons fuel. When mixed directly, diesel being a lighter liquid than water comes to the top and water settles in the bottom. By using an appropriate surfactant the molecules of water and diesel can be emulsified together. Using water mixing agent with diesel has many benefits on its own. Addition of water also improves atomization and mixing which is attributed to droplet micro explosion. [4-5] There is also a considerable proof that adding water to diesel can reduce the CO, NOx, particulates and smoke emission. In the present study we have attempted to demonstrate an indicated power, brake power and friction power based comparison of diesel 1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244001, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail: rahulhpharma@yahoo.co.in *Corresponding author 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IFTM University, Moradadabad- 244001, Uttar Pradesh, India. 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Moradabad Institute of Technology, Moradabad- 244001, Uttar Pradesh, India. engine efficiency when fueled with water diesel emulsion fuel and diesel alone. Non ionic surfactants [6-7] are considered biocompatible, efficient emulsifying agents used in emulsification process MATERIALS AND METHODS Engine Specifications IC Engine set up under test is Research Diesel having power 3.50 kW @ 1600 rpm which is 1 Cylinder, Four stroke, Constant Speed, Water Cooled, Diesel Engine, with Cylinder Bore 87.50 (mm), Stroke Length 110.00 (mm), Connecting Rod length 234.00 (mm), Compression Ratio 16.00, Swept volume 661.45 (cc). Combustion Parameters Specific Gas Const (kJ/kgK): 1.00, Air Density (kg/m^3): 1.20, Adiabatic Index: 1.41, Polytrophic Index: 3.41, Number of Cycles: 10, Cylinder Pressure Reference: 2, Smoothing 2, TDC Reference: 0. Performance Parameters Orifice Diameter (mm): 20.00, Orifice Coefficient of Discharge: 0.60, Dynamometer Arm Length (mm): 185, Fuel Pipe dia (mm): 12.40, Ambient Temp. (°C): 21, Pulses Per revolution: 360, Fuel Type: Diesel and emulsified fuel. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Data Analysis 1. Indicated Power (IP) 60 1000 Where, IP= indicated power (kW), I m = indicated mean effective pressure (in bar), V s = swept volume (in CC), n = speed of rotation (in rpm). Here IP at zero load for diesel (in kW) 60 1000 0 3805 661 45 751 1 60 1000 = 3.15 kW Now, IP of emulsified fuel at zero load (kW). Assessing IP, FP and BP of Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel and Water-in-Diesel Emulsion Using Different Surfactants Rahul Rama Hegde 1* , Prashant Sharma 2 , Pushp Raj 3 , Sunil Kumar 1 , Vaibhav Trivedi 2 Abstract: The intention of this study is to investigate the effect of surfactant over a water-diesel mixture to make an emulsified fuel. The total surfactant concentration in each of the diesel-water emulsion samples studied (span 20, span 80, tween 20, tween 80) is fixed at 1% w/w. The water content is variable at 5-15% w/w. The non-ionic surfactants used in this study tend to reduce the interfacial tension between water and diesel giving rise to a new fuel with increased burning efficiency as that of diesel alone. It is found that brake power, engine power and also the engine torque have been improved with the emulsified fuels for 15% of water content in the water diesel emulsion. 1