CHAPTER 1 Emotions and Organizational Behavior Robert G. Lord Ruth Kanfer During the past two decades, substantial advances have been made in understanding the structure and role of affect and emotions in human behavior. Industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologists and other applied researchers have recognized the relevance of such advances for understanding workplace behavior, producing a number of recent articles, special issues (Deiner, 1999; Fisher & Ashkanasy, 2000; Larsen, 2000; Rosenberg & Fredrickson, 1998; Weiss, 2001), and books (Ashkanasy, Hartel, & Zerbe, 2000; Lewis & Haviland-Jones, 2000) on emotions and emotions at work. Build- ing on this progress, a growing number of organizational re- searchers have begun to integrate these advances into theory and research pertaining to employee cognition, affect, and behavior. In some areas of I/O psychology, such as job satisfaction, new per- spectives on affect have begun to reshape the domain (Fisher, 2000; Judge & Hulin, 1993; Weiss & Cropazano, 1996). In other areas, basic research on affect and emotions has been used as a foundation for new perspectives on established topics, such as lead- ership (Fitness, 2000; Glomb & Hulin, 1997; Lewis, 2000) or group processes (George, 1990). This research is also relevant to such timely issues as employee violence and employee reactions to or- ganizational justice (Cropanzano, Weiss, Suckow, & Grandey, 2000). Concerns with emotions have spawned new areas of re- search, such as emotional labor in the workplace and its costs and 5