African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(34), pp. 6510-6515, 11 July, 2011
Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB
DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.277
ISSN 1684–5315 © 2011 Academic Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of olive oil solid waste on growth and nutrient
uptake of faba bean, onion, and radish plants
Saime Seferoglu
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
E-mail: sseferoglu@adu.edu.tr. Tel: +90256 7727024 Ext: 1901. Fax: +90256 772 7233
Accepted 10 May, 2011
Although, olive oil industry is crucial for Turkey, olive oil solid waste or olive vegetation water, a by-
product of the industry, leads to environmental pollution during olive oil production. This study
investigated the fields where olive oil solid waste was used as an organic substance. Olive oil solid
waste in different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha
-1
) were applied to faba bean, onion and radish
plants grown (in 1 m
2
plots) in the field conditions. Germination rates and growth of the plants were
monitored. The application at the rates of 10 to 30 t ha
-1
were determined as the most appropriate rates
for both faba bean and onion. The higher rates of application negatively affected germination and
growth of plants. The application at 20 t ha
-1
concentration of olive oil solid waste provided the best
results for faba bean and onion plants. However, none of the application rates were found suitable for
radish.
Keywords: Olive oil solid waste; germination; plant growth; plant analysis
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, environmental pollution caused by indus-
trial waste materials has been one of the most substantial
public issues in the world. Olive oil solid waste (OSW), a
biomass material disposed by olive oil processing
factories, is considered an important pollutant for the
environment in olive producing countries; therefore, many
olive oil processing companies directed themselves to
find a recycling method to overcome this pollution
problem.
Turkey is the fourth leading olive producing country in
the world and the fifth one for olive oil production (FAO,
2009; IOC, 2009). Although, olive oil production through
olive makes a great profit; significant amount of waste
materials are released improperly, resulting in a signifi-
cant environmental pollution problem. In order to reduce
or prevent improper releasing of olive wastes, due
precautions have to be taken urgently. In that point, OSW
utilization in different ways must be considered. Oil and
various by-products are derived from olive during oil
extraction process. One of these by-products, OSW is an
acidic liquid substance and very rich in terms of organic
Abbreviation: OSW, Olive oil solid waste.
compounds and minerals. Although, OSW may be utilized
as a plant nutrient, it contains a high level of waste
materials that are potential pollutants for the environment.
In spite of its adverse effects to environment, OSW has
some benefits as previously reported from different
countries. Indications that OSW consists of organic
contents and several mineral nutrition materials such as
N, P, K and Mg, Ursinos (1986) described several alter-
native utilization methods for OSW commonly used in the
olive producing countries such as fertilizer, irrigation
water, animal feeding product additive, bio-fuel, and
heating material.
Puskulcu et al. (1995) stated that approximately
500000 tones of OSW are released to the environment
every year in Turkey, which means that 3500-11000
tones of K
2
O, 650-2000 tones of P
2
O
5
and 150-500 tones
of MgO are wasted. In addition, the rise in mineral
fertilizers prices in recent years cause inadequate crop
fertilization. When the cost of mineral fertilizers is taken
into account, utilization of OSW having high organic and
mineral nutrient contents is almost free. In order to obtain
high quality crop in satisfactory quantity, optimization of
nutrient contents and inducing living organism popu-
lations in soil need to be achieved by adding organic
matters. On the other hand, since animal manure, a well