Research Article
Structural Overview and Morphotectonic Evolution of
a Strike-Slip Fault in the Zone of North Almora Thrust,
Central Kumaun Himalaya, India
Lalit M. Joshi,
1
Pitamber D. Pant,
1
Bahadur S. Kotlia,
1
Girish C. Kothyari,
2
Khayingshing Luirei,
3
and Anoop K. Singh
1
1
Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, India
2
Institute of Seismological Research, Raisan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382009, India
3
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun 248001, India
Correspondence should be addressed to Lalit M. Joshi; joshilalit81@gmail.com
Received 3 July 2015; Revised 28 December 2015; Accepted 31 December 2015
Academic Editor: Karoly Nemeth
Copyright © 2016 Lalit M. Joshi et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Te aim of the present research is to provide the base line details of the NNW-SSE trending Raintoli fault (RF) which is running
parallel to the North Almora Trust (NAT) along the Saryu valley from Seraghat-Naichun to Seri in the central sector of the
Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. Te RF is characterized as dextral strike slip fault and behaves as a ductile shear zone within the zone
of NAT. Te dextral sense of shear movement of RF is delineated by the fabric of the shear zone rocks including microscopically
observed indicators such as sigma and delta porphyroclasts, quartz c-axis, and the feld structural data. Additionally, in the
quaternary period the dextral strike slip fault is reactivated with oblique slip component as characterized by various geomorphic
indicators, for example, triangular facets, abandoned river channels, unpaired fuvial terraces, and V-shaped valleys with recurrent
seismicity. Further, the morphometric parameters including Valley Floor Width to Valley Height (
), asymmetry factor (AF), and
gradient index (GI) further prove active nature of RF as suggested by low values of hypsometric integration, V-shaped valley, higher
gradient index, and tilting of Saryu basin.
1. Introduction
Te Himalaya has been divided into four lithotectonic sub-
division from south to north, for example, Siwalik or Sub-
Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, Higher Himalaya, and Tethys
Himalaya [1]. Te intracrustal boundary thrusts, for example,
Himalayan Frontal Trust (HFT), Main Boundary Trust
(MBT), Main Central Trust (MCT), and Trans Himadri
Fault (THF), have been separating the lithotectonic unit
from south to north, respectively (Figure 1(a)). Further, the
Lesser (Central) Kumaun Himalaya, stretching from Nepal
to Himachal Pradesh, is characterized by allochthons nappes
(Trust sheets), for example, Almora nappe, Ramgarh nappe,
and Krol nappe, and tectonic windows within which the
Precambrian-Cambrian autochthons are exposed [1, 2]. Te
Almora nappe is a consequence of tectonic transport of
the rocks of Higher Himalayan Metamorphic Belt to the
Lesser Himalaya over the Main Central Trust (MCT) during
Eocene–Oligocene [3, 4]. Te Almora nappe is the largest
of the Klippe/nappes distributed along the Himalayan arc
[5]. Te northern and southern fanks of Almora nappe
were described as the North Almora Trust (NAT) and
South Almora Trust (SAT), respectively [2]. Te southern
limb is thicker and gently dipping about 20
∘
–30
∘
toward
NNE/NE direction, whereas the northern limb is thinner and
steeply inclined, for example, 45
∘
–75
∘
SSW/SW [6]. Further,
a large scale shear zone of the NAT is characterized by the
presence of the mylonitic sequence [7–9]. Moreover, the
Lesser Himalaya is characterized by the tear faults and frac-
ture zones are oriented predominantly NW/NNW–SE/SSE
direction [10]. Tus, the thrust bounded synclinal nappes
and the subsidiary thrusts/faults have been reactivated in the
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Journal of Geological Research
Volume 2016, Article ID 6980943, 16 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6980943