compound problems. He supported the decentralization of development planning and impact assessment on the grounds that many area officials often have a greater understanding of needs. Public participation can be an important link to a successful plan simply because it allows an oPlXa'tunity to test ideas, heightens commitment and keeps a line of dialogue open between groups. Informal methods of gaining public input are often more successful and contact with agencies that represent the people is a way to mesh the modem views with the more traditional of a region. At the close of the workshop, Len Gertler, Commonwealth Human Ecology Council, Waterloo, Canada, and Barry Sadler, Banff Center, discussed the integration of development planning, impact assessment and management. Gertler urged the IAIA to form an international task force, funded by a multi-lateral agency with an appreciation of the need, to take an independent look at integrated impact assessment and development planning; to examine the state of the art throughout the world; to identify existing trends related to integration and an institutional model design which takes cultural features into account. Sadler said integration should take into consideration the implications the state of the art has for small islands. Problems associated with integration, according to him, include an escalation of the demands on economic and ecological resources and the need to deliver more for less "cost." Also to be considered are value base conflicts between indigenous people and consultants. Among the resolutions generated from the final session were: that the IAIA lend its support to the formation of a Caribbean IAIA chapter; and, that IAIA support a Dutch Detmrtment of Environmental Affairs initiative to establish an kinternational independent auditing commission, a "second opinion," on environmental impact assessment, one which would assist Caribbean areas to implement effective impact assessment. The success of the workshop can be attributed to the efforts of David Marshal and David Hardy, who served as co-chairmen, and to other members of the various committees who, with the guidance of 1986-87 President C.P. Wolf, worked to plan and carry out the sessions. Mary Anne Pierce, Center for Technology Assessment and Policy Studies, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, Indiana 47803, USA. Multispecies Models Relevant to Management of Living Resources This International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Symposium was held in The Hague, Holland from 2nd - 4th October, 1989, prior to the ICES Statutory Meeting. Approximately 200 scientists from 21 countries attended the Symposium. It was particularly pleasing to see representatives from countries which are not members of ICES, because this allowed a world-wide evaluation of the progress being made in multispecies modelling approaches. Originally, 88 rifles were submitted for presentation. During the selection procedure, seven were rejected because they did not address multispecies issues, 42 contributions were selected for oral presentation, and 39 for poster presentation. Ten papers and 22 posters were withdrawn in due course. Though small in number, the high quality of the contributions ensured that the ample time set aside for discussion was fully used. The topics addressed in the 31 papers presented, ranged from theoretical model systems to practical management problems including biological, technical, and economical interactions between fish and fisheries. After the welcome address by Dr M. Heuver, Director of the Directorate of Agricultural Research of the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, the first session was entirely devoted to multispecies virtual population analysis. This approach has been developed largely within ICES for the fish stocks of the North Sea and the Baltic, but is now also applied by scientists from the USSR for the fish stocks off Namibia. The second session dealt with general aspects of biological interaction. Multispecies production models and predator-prey systems were addressed, as well as models to investigate trends in recruitment, cannibalism, and consumption rates. The second day of the Symposium started off with technical interaction models. Interaction between different fisheries exploiting the same resources has direct implications for management, and this type of modelling Volume 10, Number 3 (1990) 229