Proceedings of the 14th Annual
International Conference on Industrial Engineering
Theory, Applications and Practice
Anaheim, California
October 18-21, 2009
550
© International Journal of Industrial Engineering
ISBN # 97809652558-5-1
MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AND DISCOMFORT SYMPTOMS IN HOSPITAL
NURSE PERSONNEL IN JUAREZ, MEXICO
Gabriel Ibarra-Mejia
1, 2
, Brandy F. Ware
3
, Jorge A. Garcia
1
, and Robert J. Marley
4
1
Department of Health Promotion
University of Texas at El Paso
1101 North Campbell
El Paso, Texas 79905
Corresponding author’s email: gabmejia@utep.edu
2
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez
Avenida del Charro 450 Norte
Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua, México
3
JFAssociates, Inc.
Fairfax, VA 22031
4
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department
Montana State University
212 Roberts Hall, P.O. Box 173820
Bozeman, MT 59717-3820
Abstract: Information on musculoskeletal pain/discomfort over a past 12-month period was collected from 387 nurses
from a hospital in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico using a modified version of the SNQ questionnaire. Results showed high
incidence of pain/discomfort with more than half of the participants referring complaints in more than one body part.
Higher percentages of complaints were registered for legs, lower back, neck, and upper back regions. Overall, registered
nurses and those working on night shifts had the highest percentage of pain/discomfort complaints. Increased risk for
musculoskeletal pain/discomfort was associated to smoking (OR=2.6), history of any type of disease (OR=2.8), and
working in the morning shift (OR=1.63). The overall 12-month incidence of musculoskeletal complaints was comparable to
that of nurses in other countries. It is necessary to further evaluate tasks involving manual load handling, prolonged
standing, and static postures and its possible role in causation of pain/discomfort among this worker population.
1. INTRODUCTION
The overall relative high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in nursing personnel reported in several past
studies may by an indicator of the physical demand and musculoskeletal strain this particular occupational groups is
exposed to. In the United States, since 1994, the Bureau of Labor Statistics identified the nurse and personal care profession
as the group with the highest incidence of injuries and illnesses (318.0 per 10,000 workers) as a result of overexertion in the
workplace (BLS, 1994). Similar high prevalence of MSDs among nursing personnel in other countries has been extensively
documented (Trinkoff et. al, 2002; Gurgueira et. al, 2003; Alexopoulus et. al 2003; Smith et. al, 2004; Tezel, 2005; Smith
et. al, 2006).
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), as defined by the US Department of Labor (USDL, 2001), are those injuries or
disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, and spinal discs. Its association with exposure to risk factors in
the workplace has been documented since the 18
th
century. However, it was only until de 1970’s when an epidemiological
approach to its association to work-related risk started to get a noticeable attention as a research issue, although these
studies have not always yielded a causal relationship between workplace risk factors and MSDs. Risk factors typically
associated to MSDs are posture, repetition, force exertion, however other risks could have an effect in the generation of
MSDs, for example an intense workload, monotony, ambiguity, and lack of job control and social support (NIOSH, 1997).