MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Al-2.0wt%Si-2.5wt%Cu
ALLOY PRODUCED BY DIRECT CHILL CASTING AND
ELECTROMAGNETIC STIRRING FOR THIXOFORMING PROCESS
L.V. Torres
1,a
, D.M. Benati
1,b
, E.J. Zoqui
1,c
1
Manufacturing Department, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas –
UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6122, CEP 13083-860, Campinas, SP, Brazil
a
torres@fem.unicamp.br;
b
dmbenati@fem.unicamp.br;
c
zoqui@fem.unicamp.br
Key-words: semi-solid materials, thixoforming, electromagnetic stirring.
Abstract:This work evaluates, by means of its morphological characterization, a new Al-2.0wt%Si-
2.5wt%Cu alloy produced by direct casting under electromagnetic stirring for thixoforming process.
The alloy was submitted to re-heating treatment in two conditions of solid fractions, 45% and 60%,
for 0, 30, 90 and 210 s. Re-heating treatment times promote solid phase particles globularization,
presenting average grain sizes of approximately 90 µm for both solid fraction. These results show
that the alloy is viable for thixoforming process, especially in the condition of 90 s of treatment time
at 45% and 60% of solid fraction, that presents grain size about 90 µm and shape factor higher than
0.60. Another important fact about the small grain/primary particle size is related to the use of
electromagnetic stirring in its production, that promotes the breakdown of the material structure and
consequently stimulates globularization.
INTRODUCTION
Al-Si rheocast alloys have been used widely for thixoforming processes. A356 and A357 are
the most common alloys used to obtain near net shape products [1,2]. However, all these alloys are
casting alloys, fitted to the thixoforming purpose. Thus, there is a lack of specific alloys for semi-
solid processing that present good fluidity, low viscosity and small grain size, i.e. vital metallurgical
characteristics that lead to the best semi-solid behavior [3,4].
In the last decade, the automotive industry has played a leading role in the development of
new processes for manufacturing parts using semi-solid materials. The use of aluminum in
automobiles, primarily in the form of castings, has increased significantly due to the need to
produce parts with high mechanical strength, low weight and high reliability [5,6] and for casting
near net shape products offers benefits such as energy savings, fewer production steps, greater
productivity and higher overall quality [7].
The aim of this work is to contribute to the body of knowledge about thixoforming through an
in-depth analysis of the Al-2.0wt%Si-2.5wt%Cu alloy produced by direct chill casting under intense
electromagnetic stirring.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
The thixotropic raw material used in this experiment was the Al-2.0wt%Si-2.5wt%Cu alloy
produced by electromagnetic stirring combined with grain refinement. After the material reached
the desired casting temperature, it was poured into a sealed mold coupled to an electromagnetic
stirring system, consisting of a series of coils wrapped around the chilled mold; approximately 8
kW of power was used to produce a magnetic field. Prior to casting, a grain refiner was added to the
material to enhance the effect of electromagnetic stirring. Table 1 describes the chemical
composition of the alloy characterized by optical emission spectroscopy.
Materials Science Forum Vols. 775-776 (2014) pp 118-123
Online available since 2014/Jan/03 at www.scientific.net
© (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.775-776.118
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of TTP,
www.ttp.net. (ID: 143.106.21.40, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil-05/02/14,14:03:08)