Annals of Operations Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-020-03785-4 S.I.: CLAIO 2018 Capacitated clustering problems applied to the layout of IT-teams in software factories Marcos J. Negreiros 1 · Nelson Maculan 2 · Pablor L. Batista 1 · João A. Rodrigues 1 · Augusto W. C. Palhano 1 Accepted: 1 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract This work studies Heterogeneous Capacitated Clustering Problems (HCCP) which are varia- tions of the Capacitated Clustering Problem (CCP). They are applied to the layout of IT-Teams in software factory. In the real problem, there are workstations placed along the software fac- tory where they are disposed in a pattern the individuals working in the same project form a group that would be geographically close to each other. The groups are heterogeneous in the number of individuals. The general problem discussed here consider a given number of indi- viduals with attributes (weight and coordinates in Euclidean space), and wishes to determine minimum dissimilar clusters constrained to a given maximum capacity for each cluster. The groups are formed to achieve a specific objective of just forming feasible capacitated compact groups and/or also including the position of the group manager. The models here presented and evaluated consider a new generalized version of the heterogeneous capacitated median problem (gHCMP) which extracts the medians from the set of individuals; a new formulation is introduced for the min-max diameter heterogeneous capacitated clustering problem; a new formulation for the minimum group distance heterogeneous capacitated clustering problem; and a new formulation using the HCCCP. We also discuss ways to obtain the best results from the proposed formulations using adequate solvers for each problem; and it is presented a metaheuristic framework for the HCCCP that solves close to optimality all the real instances here tested. We also present the results obtained from the formulations and metaheuristic related to instances that represent real situations about organizing the layout of two Brazilian software factories. The proposed gHCMP model outperform the solutions obtained for the evaluated instances also using the other models. Keywords Capacitated clustering problem · Mathematical programming modeling · Solvers 1 Introduction The focus on resource saving is one of the reasons for the increasing occurrence of large companies in adopting remote research and development (R&D) teams. Apart from other well-known advantages of this trend, some management problems may arise when dealing with dispersed teams: ensuring control in completing critical tasks; supporting a feature that Extended author information available on the last page of the article 123