Thermal Conductivity of Nanoscale Materials: A Review RICHA SAINI and ANKITA RANI CHAUHAN Department of Physics, Gurukul Kangri University Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India Corresponding author Email:- kushwaha.richa@yahoo.in acchauhan10@gmail.com http://dx.doi.org/10.22147/jusps-B/290702 Acceptance Date 1st June, 2017, Online Publication Date 2nd July, 2017 JOURNAL OF ULTRA SCIENTIST OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES An International Open Free Access Peer Reviewed Research Journal of Physical Sciences website:- www.ultrascientist.org JUSPS-B Vol. 29(7), 163-170 (2017). Periodicity-Monthly Section B Estd. 1989 (Print) (Online) This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0) Abstract Nanoscale materials are being widely used in science and technology. Rapid development in synthesis and fabrication of Nanoscale materials has created a great demand for scientific understanding of thermal conductivity in nanoscale materials. The thermal conductivity in low dimensional has been obtained by using different theoretical and numerical approaches. The low dimensional structures such as quantum well, wires and dots confined in extremely small region and have novel transport properties. Measurement methods e.g. reducing grain size, multiple Phonon scattering, BTE in 2D nanoribbons, source of coherent Phonons etc open new way for nanoscale thermal transport study. This review summarizes the development in experiments, theory and computation that have occurred in thermal transport of nanoscale materials. Key words: Nanoscale materials; Thermal conductivity; Quantum well; Quantum wires; Introduction Understanding the thermal conductivity of nanostructure or nanostructures materials are of great interest in a broad scope of contexts and applications. Indeed, nanostructures and nanomaterials are getting more and more commonly used in various industrial sectors like cosmetics, aerospace, communication and computer electronics. Many new theoretical and experimental results have been reported in the past few years. But a lot of number of issues is still awaiting their conclusive resolution. The objective of this review is to provide perspective on new developments in nanoscale thermal transport that have resulted from advances in experiment, theory, and simulation over the past decade. The topics we have selected emphasize the importance of interfacial phenomena in nanoscale thermal transport and avoid topics that have been extensively reviewed by others in recent years, e.g., nanostructured thermoelectric materials 1-3 and the transport properties of isolated graphene and carbon nanotubes 4–6 . We begin our discussion with the introduction of nanostructures and then focus on thermal transport in nanostructures and finally give a theoretical review about thermal conductivity of nanostructures.