92 5 Students’ Representations of Multilingualism and Internationalization at Two Bilingual Universities in Spain Enric Llurda, Aintzane Doiz and Juan M. Sierra Introduction Knight (1997) defines the process of internationalization at the institu- tional level as the process of incorporating an international dimension into the teaching, research and service functions of the institution. However, the specific actions and policies that make up the process of internationalization at tertiary institutions are conditioned by the stakeholders, the goals to be achieved, the rationale, the resources and the individual institutions themselves (Callan, 1998, p. 44). For example, in homogeneous societies where nation-building is a priority, internationalization tends to take place at home primarily, that is to say, the main concern is the internationalization of the campus (Chan & Dimmock, 2008). For these universities, the process of internationaliza- tion encompasses not only the creation of study abroad programmes and the establishment of some overseas partnerships, but also the inter- nationalization of the curriculum and the creation of environments in which a foreign language is used on campus through the implementation of Multilingualism Programmes. Under these programmes, non-language subjects are taught through a foreign language, generally English, with two objectives, namely learning the subject matter and learning the language. The development of multilingualism goes beyond the scope of ter- tiary education, as it has been a cornerstone of the European Union’s educational policy since the last century, when the focus was on the learning of the official languages (Council of the European Union, 1995). In the first decade of the 21st century, the language educa- tion policy seeks to promote the learning of all languages, ‘including 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 9781137397461_06_cha05.indd 92 9781137397461_06_cha05.indd 92 3/24/2015 8:30:26 PM 3/24/2015 8:30:26 PM This file is to be used only for a purpose specified by Palgrave Macmillan, such as checking proofs, preparing an index, reviewing, endorsing or planning coursework/other institutional needs. You may store and print the file and share it with others helping you with the specified purpose, but under no circumstances may the file be distributed or otherwise made accessible to any other third parties without the express prior permission of Palgrave Macmillan. Please contact rights@palgrave.com if you have any queries regarding use of the file. Proof