1503
Kjeken, et al: Reliability of COPM
Reliability of the Canadian Occupational Performance
Measure in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
INGVILD KJEKEN, HANNE DAGFINRUD, TILL UHLIG, PETTER MOWINCKEL, TORE K. KVIEN,
and ARNSTEIN FINSET
ABSTRACT. Objective. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) is a client-centered measure,
designed to detect changes in occupational performance over time. The main aim of our study was
to examine the test-retest reliability of the Norwegian version of the COPM in patients with anky-
losing spondylitis (AS) in 3 different retest modes of data collection.
Methods. A total of 119 patients with AS completed the baseline COPM interview before random-
ization into one of 3 modes of retest data collection performed 2 weeks later: by personal interview,
telephone interview, or mailed questionnaire. Scores were computed for Performance and
Satisfaction, and the 2 sets of scores were examined for reliability by intraclass correlations (ICC),
and by the Bland-Altman procedure for calculation of smallest detectable difference (SDD).
Results. The ICC coefficients for Performance and Satisfaction were as follows: 0.92 and 0.93
(rescoring by personal interview), 0.73 and 0.73 (rescoring by telephone interview), and 0.90 and
0.90 (rescoring by mail). SDD for the Performance and Satisfaction scores were 1.47 and 1.80,
respectively, for rescoring by personal interview; 3.14 and 4.00 for rescoring by telephone interview;
and 2.20 and 2.41 for rescoring by mailed survey.
Conclusion. The results confirm that the COPM is a reliable instrument for use in clinical practice
in patients with AS, and may serve as an instrument to promote a patient-centered approach in the
planning and evaluation of rehabilitation programs. Mailed questionnaires may replace personal
interview in followup examinations, while rescoring by telephone interview is less reliable.
(J Rheumatol 2005;32:1503–9)
Key Indexing Terms:
OUTCOME RELIABILITY REHABILITATION
CANADIAN OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE MEASURE
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
From the National Resource Center for Rehabilitation in Rheumatology
and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; and the
Section of Health Science and Department of Behavioural Sciences in
Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
I. Kjeken, OTR, MSc, National Resource Centre for Rehabilitation in
Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; H. Dagfinrud, RPT, MSc,
Section of Health Science, University of Oslo; T. Uhlig, PhD, MD;
P. Mowinckel, MSc, Statistician, National Resource Centre for
Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; T.K. Kvien,
PhD, MD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet
Hospital; A. Finset, PhD, Professor, Department of Behavioural Sciences
in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo.
Address reprint requests to I. Kjeken, Diakonhjemmet sykehus, boks 23
Vinderen, 0319 Oslo, Norway. E-mail: ingvild.kjeken@nrrk.no
Accepted for publication March 7, 2005.
The focus in rehabilitation is moving from emphasis on
normalization and functional improvement to greater aware-
ness of activity, participation, and fulfilment of life roles
1-3
.
At the same time, the importance of including patient per-
spective in both the rehabilitation process and the research
agenda has gained widespread recognition
4,5
. The demand
to develop an evidence-based practice actualizes the need
for models, methods, and instruments that capture and inte-
grate these elements
6
.
The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure
(COPM) is an individualized instrument developed to
describe and measure both the qualitative and quantitative
aspects of occupational performance, life roles, environ-
ment, and the needs of the individual
2,7,8
. The COPM is the-
oretically based on the Canadian Model of Occupational
Performance
9
, in which occupational performance is
defined as “consisting of self-care, productivity, and leisure;
being influenced by the environment, one’s social roles, and
one’s developmental level; being client-defined; and con-
sisting of both a performance (objective) dimension and a
satisfaction (subjective) dimension”
10
. Since its introduc-
tion the COPM has been used frequently as an outcome
measure in rehabilitation of persons with chronic condi-
tions, among them patients with rheumatic diseases
11-13
.
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a progressive rheumatic
inflammatory disease, usually starting in early adulthood
14
.
The disease process results in various degrees of impairment
due to changes in the axial skeleton, stiffness, pain, and
fatigue. This in turn may lead to activity limitation, such as
difficulty performing self-care activities, and reduced par-
ticipation in work and leisure time activities
15
.
The OMERACT Filter for Outcome Measures in
Rheumatology recommends that all outcome measures be
evaluated according to the criteria of truth, discrimination,
and feasibility
16
. The psychometric properties of the COPM
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