A Simple and Low-Cost Method for Three-phase
Induction Motor Control in High-Speed Applications
Y. Sangsefidi, S. Ziaeinejad, A. Shoulaie
Electrical Engineering Department
Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
y�sangsefidi@elec.iust.ac.ir, s�ziaeinejad@elec.iust.ac.ir, shoulaie@iust.ac.ir
Abstract� This paper presents a simple method for speed
control of induction motors on the basis of direct control of the
stator flux modulus. The proposed method needs neither
mechanical sensor nor current transducers, so it can be
compared with "Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (vI"
method. High-speed operation of induction motor controlled
by the proposed method is compared with that of vlf method
that leads to the fact that in addition to control of motor
dynamic behavior, the proposed method uses DC-link voltage
in a more efficient way. In the stator flux modulus control, the
amplitude of electromagnetic torque ripple and average
switching frequency are computable and analytical formulas
for calculation of them are derived. The performance of
proposed method and accuracy of presented formulas are
validated in MATLAB/Simulink.
Keywords- Scalar control, Vector control, Stator flux
modulus control, Stationary reference frame
I. INTRODUCTION
Due to their significant advantages such as simple and
robust structure and high reliability, induction motors are
widely used in many household and industrial applications.
vlf method is widely used for speed control of induction
motors that provides control of them without mechanical
sensors and current transducers. This low-cost method can be
implemented using either scalar or space vector approaches.
In the scalar approach, the phase voltage waveform is
obtained by comparing modulation waveform with triangular
carrier. Intersections of these two waveforms deteine
switching instants. This approach is based on volt-second
balance of output voltage waveform and modulation
waveform. In space vector approach, time intervals of
applied active and zero voltage vectors are adjusted in order
to rotate voltage vector with desired amplitude and
equency. Implementation of vlf method with scalar
approach is easier. With proper modulation waveforms,
performances of these two approaches are identical [1].
One of disadvantages of vlf method is improper use of
DC-link voltage [2]. Another defect which limits the use of
this method in high performance industrial applications is
poor dynamic behavior of the motor. The method is based on
equations authentic in steady-state conditions [3]. This
method controls the amplitude and equency of the stator
flux only in steady-state. In vlf control method, the
electromagnetic torque and flux cannot be directly or
indirectly controlled in transient state. In fact, the motor
response to applied voltage and equency determines
transient electromagnetic torque behavior and the stator flux
trajectory. These behaviors are not controlled by drive
system [4]. Accordingly, represented torque response is
weak. Moreover, lack of flux control in transient conditions
may cause the motor to operate in saturated regions.
Vector control methods are in contrast with vlf method.
These methods e based on dynamic model of induction
motor which are capable of controlling the motor in both
transient and steady-state conditions. Vector control is a
general philosophy which can be implemented in different
ways [3]. In Field-Oriented Control (FOC) [5],[6], voltage,
current and flux vectors are conolled in two-phase
synchronous reference ame. This method is based on
independent control of electromagnetic torque and flux
which uses position sensor as well as current transducers.
Direct Se Control (DSC) [7] and Direct Torque Control
(DTC) [8] provide efficient motor control without position
sensor. In these two methods, motor variables are transfeed
to two-phase stationary reference ame that obviates the
need of using mechanical sensor. In DSC method, stator flux
vector traverses a hexagonal path. The most significant
characteristic of this method is its low switching equency
that makes it justifiable in high-power applications. On the
contrary, DTC method, based on direct control of stator flux
in a circular path and dect control of electromagnetic torque
is preferred in low- and medium-equency applications [9].
In comparison with FOC, DTC represents better dynamic
response, but suffers om problems like high torque ripple,
vulnerability to DC-offset of cuent sensors and improper
performance in very low speed applications [9],[10].
Since the representation of different vector control
methods, these methods have been significantly developed
[11]-[14]. Also, some methods have been proposed that are
combination of FOC and DTC methods [9]. Despite
evolution of vector control methods, there are still two
problems. One problem is that in vector control methods, the
value of motor parameters is requed and control system is
sensitive to variations of them. The other problem is that
vector control methods need current transducers which
impose considerable cost to drive system. In contrast, being
simple and inexpensive cause vlf method -mainly scalar
approach- to be still justifiable in low-cost applications [15].
In this paper, stator flux modulus as a vector control
method is proposed. In this method, dynamic equations of
IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1211J-ART
212
ISBN: 978-1-4673-0113-8/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE