J. Math. Fund. Sci.,Vol. 53, No. 1, 2021, 97-108 97
Received February 18
th
, 2020, Revised April 8
th
, 2021, Accepted for publication April 11
th
, 2021.
Copyright © 2021 Published by ITB Institute for Research and Community Services, ISSN: 2337-5760,
DOI: 10.5614/j.fund.math.sci.2021.53.1.7
Chemical Constituents of Indonesian Micromelum
minutum Leaves and Their Cytotoxicity Against MCF-7
and 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells
Ratna Asmah Susidarti
1,2*
, Edy Meiyanto
1,2
, Muthi’ Ikawati
1,2
, Normaidah
2,3
&
Nurramadhani A. Sida
2,4
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah
Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
2
Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah
Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
3
Professional Pharmacist Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science,
Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia
4
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, 93232, Indonesia
*E-mail: ratna_asmah@ugm.ac.id
Abstract. Micromelum minutum is used widely in traditional folk medicine.
Although this species has been investigated extensively and several bioactive
compounds have been isolated, little work has been done on Indonesian M.
minutum. This research aimed to study the chemical constituents and biological
activities of M. minutum cultivated in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park,
South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The isolated compounds were assessed for their
cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 and 4T1 cell lines by MTT method. The dried
ground leaves of M. minutum were sequentially macerated with n-hexane, ethyl
acetate, and methanol. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts contained a
flavonoid 5,7-dihydroxy-3,4',8-trimethoxyflavone (1) which inhibited MCF-7
and 4T1 cell viability by 50% at concentrations of 369±8 and 227±5 μM,
respectively. Further separation of the ethyl acetate extract by column
chromatography yielded acetyldihydromicromelin A (2) and a mixture of
dihydromicromelin A (3) and dihydromicromelin B (4), which were not active
toward MCF-7 and 4T1 cells.
Keywords: 5,7-dihydroxy-3,4',8-trimethoxyflavone; breast cancer cell line; cytotoxic
activity; dihydromicromelin derivatives; Micromelum minutum.
1 Introduction
Micromelum minutum is a shrub or small tree under the Rutaceae family and
widely used in several traditional medicines. The leaves are used to cure fever
and headache, scabies, leprous spots, ringworm and are also considered to be
emmenagogue, while the boiled roots are applied to treat ague [1].