Journal of Environmental Protection, 2019, 10, 651-671
http://www.scirp.org/journal/jep
ISSN Online: 2152-2219
ISSN Print: 2152-2197
DOI: 10.4236/jep.2019.105039 May 23, 2019 651 Journal of Environmental Protection
Washing and Extraction of Metals from
Contaminated Soil Constituents: Implications
for Contaminated Simulated Soil and
Metallurgical Wastes with Different Reagents
Sanja S. Potgieter-Vermaak
1
, Leonard U. Mgbeahuruike
1
, Lizelle van Dyk
2
, Judith Barrett
1
,
Herman J. Potgieter
1,2
1
Chemistry and Environmental Science Division, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University,
Manchester, UK
2
School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Abstract
Leaching behaviour of heavy metals (HMs) from simulated soil (SS), pre-
pared according to standard guidelines, as well as its constituents (quartz
sand (QS), bentonite clay (BC), and peat moss (PM)) were investigated. The
study focused on a batch process with the aim of comparing the leaching po-
tentials and metals solubilisation of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
(EDTA), ethylene diamine disuccinic acid (EDDS), acetylacetone (Hacac),
citric acid (CA), and tartaric acid (TA) for sustainable metal extraction pur-
poses after a maximum leaching time of 60 min. The HMs concentrations
with which the constituents were spiked with was such that reflected a con-
taminated site. The recovery potentials of both the SS and its constituents
were found to vary for single metal (SM) and multi-metal (MM) systems.
EDTA was the most efficient (on average 31% and 33% for SM and MM) and
TA the least efficient (on average of 2% and 3% for SM and MM) extractant.
For Hacac, preferential recovery for Cu and Ni were significant when com-
pared to the other metals, while, metal recovery by EDDS in SS was lower
than could be expected. The leaching trend for the targeted metals was stud-
ied using conventional leaching models.
Keywords
HMs, Leaching, Chelants, Pollution, Metallurgical Wastes, Contaminated
Soil
How to cite this paper: Potgieter-Vermaak,
S.S., Mgbeahuruike, L.U., van Dyk, L.,
Barrett, J. and Potgieter, H.J. (2019) Wash-
ing and Extraction of Metals from Conta-
minated Soil Constituents: Implications for
Contaminated Simulated Soil and Metal-
lurgical Wastes with Different Reagents.
Journal of Environmental Protection, 10,
651-671.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2019.105039
Received: January 30, 2019
Accepted: May 20, 2019
Published: May 23, 2019
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access