Copyright © 2018 Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (4.36) (2018) 562-568 International Journal of Engineering & Technology Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJET Research paper Systematic Cluster Head (CH) Selection Through Node-Grade Based Clustering (NGBC) in WSN J.K. Deepak Keynes 1* , D. Shalini Punithavathani 2 1 Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India. 2 Former Principal, Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, India. E-mail:shalini329@gmail.com *Corresponding author E-mail:deepak.keynes@gmail.com Abstract As it is well known, in Wireless Sensor Networks, the sensor nodes will be either mobile or static. When mobility is concerned, on the whole network performance could be degraded, since the sensor nodes are furnished with restricted battery power, restricted memory, less computational ability and lower range of communication. So, a mechanism which is effective is needed there for forwarding the data packets with efficient energy management and coverage. With that note, the principle target of this work is to propose systematic method of CH selection based on the factors such as low mobility, density of the nodes and their remaining energy. Moreover, an innovative method called Node-Grade Based Clustering (NGBC) is proposed in this paper so as to select the CHs, st udying the node’s energy and position regarding to their Base Station (BS), which will act as a sink for collected information. The CHs are replaced in every round based on its duty cycle on sensor nodes and Threshold Energy Rate (TER). Since the BS evaluates the quantity of every round a CH (Cluster Head) can sustain, it minimizes the quantity of energy consumed and increases the WSN’s lifetime. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the proposed algorithm attains higher coverage, efficiency in energy and network lifetime. Furthermore, the performance results in the work which is proposed, are distinguished with the algorithms proposed previously such as LEACH and HEED using some evaluation metrics like packet delivery ratio, throughput, energy consumption and end-to-end delay to prove the efficiency of energy efficient NGBC. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Cluster Head (CH), Sensor Nodes, Node- Grade Based Clustering (NGBC), network longevity, residual energy. 1. Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) comprises group of static or mobile nodes those are suitable of communicating each other and transfer data effectively and autonomously. Moreover, WSN can be providing some additional benefits and adaptability in low power, cost effectiveness and fast deployment respectively in several applications when there’s no requirement of human management or supervision. Some of the vital WSN’s applications are found in various fields such as wild life tracing, health care observation, rescue operations and military applications. In general, the deployed sensor nodes monitors the ecological or physical occurrences like temperature changes, vibration, pressure, movements, sounds, pollutants or some typical activities at various locations. The distributed sensor nodes are needed to send the detected information to the BS in continuous manner. Because of limited energy in all sensor nodes, so many approaches had been created to adjust the energy accumulation in WSN in effective manner. The overall energy in sensor nodes is basically consumed by four units, namely, sensing unit, power unit, computing unit and communication unit. The figure 1 depicts the major components present in every sensor node. Additionally, the sensing unit comprises of sensors to Analog-to-Digital Convertors (ADC) where the observed analog signals are changed over to digital and sent to computing unit. The computing unit encompasses of a small storage which involves sensor nodes collaborations. Then, the transceiver is to ensure the correspondence between the network and the nodes. As is well known, the sensor nodes has limited power, there includes a power unit equipped with some limited source for usage. Location finding system is to have the better knowledge about location accuracy. Mobilizer is to give mobility factor of nodes on the network. Figure 1: Major segments of every sensor node