Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 489–496, 1999
Copyright © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd
Printed in the USA. All rights reserved
0277-5395/99 $–see front matter
PII S0277-5395(99)00059-X
489
Pergamon
BRITAIN’S LAST LINE OF DEFENCE: MISS MONEYPENNY
AND THE DESPERATIONS OF FILMIC FEMINISM
Tara Brabazon
School of Media, Communication and Culture, Murdoch University, South Street,
Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
Synopsis — There is much potential, both politically and theoretically, in monitoring the confluences of
feminism and popular culture. While much attention has been granted to Madonna and the Spice Girls,
there are textual sites that have a far longer, and more complex, history. This article analyses Miss Mon-
eypenny, a character in the long-running James Bond series. Through monitoring the superspy’s super-
secretary, we discover the contradictory, ambivalent, and surprising impact of feminism on this small
but resonant site in filmic history. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
I’m a bitch
I’m a lover
I’m a child
I’m a mother
I’m a sinner
I’m a saint
I do not feel ashamed
I’m your hell
I’m your dream
I’m nothing in between
You know you wouldn’t want it any other
way. (Bitch, Meredith Brooks, 1997)
Good old Moneypenny. Britain’s last line of
defence. (James Bond, On Her Majesty’s Se-
cret Service, 1969)
The fracturing of femininity is a strength of, as
well as a problem for, contemporary feminism.
No political label can encompass the plurality
of women. The representational politics of
subjectivity has been a central topic for gender
theorists since suffragettes chained them-
selves to the gate of Number 10 Downing
Street. Without a metaphoric Boadicea to em-
body strength, the political objectives of con-
temporary feminism seem tenuous and ambiv-
alent.
1
Texts such as Catharine Lumby’s (1997)
Bad Girls asserts the existence of a generation
gap dividing feminism (p. 171). She argues that
only by re-connecting feminism and the media,
can political and theoretical objectives be
aligned. Discussion of waves, clashes, and cul-
ture wars bubble with rhetorical juice, but
leave a nasty political aftertaste. There is value
in swimming through popular cultural sites
that have rarely been noticed by either femi-
nist or screen theorists. From Bewitching Sa-
mantha to Scary Spice, humorous, quirky, and
bitchy women permeate film and television,
and are far more than a footnote to feminist
history. In response to these larger concerns,
this article explores a minor character from a
long-running film series and demonstrates that
even in the midst of saturating sexism, a voice
of social justice and responsibility can speak.
With the latest Bond film, ironically titled The
World is Not Enough, to be released during
the Christmas season of 1999/2000, it is timely
to evaluate a superspy’s supersecretary.
Miss Moneypenny has been featured in
more James Bond films than any figure except
the title role.
2
She is the assistant to M, head of
the British Secret Service. All agents, adminis-
trators, technicians, and scientists must pass
through the Moneypenny office and ante-
chamber to reach the Imperial core. She is, as
the Lazenby-Bond described her, “Britain’s
last line of defence”. The character has been
played by three actors: Lois Maxwell,
3
Caro-
line Bliss (in The Living Daylights, 1987 and
License to Kill, 1989), and Samantha Bond (in
Goldeneye, 1995 and Tomorrow Never Dies,
1997). Moneypenny’s scenes with James Bond
have become a generic characteristic of the se-
ries.
4
The gender politics enacted through