1116 Microsc. Microanal. 26 (Suppl 2), 2020
doi:10.1017/S1431927620016992 © Microscopy Society of America 2020
Texture Analyses and Microstructural Evolution in Irradiated Monolithic U-Mo
Nuclear Fuel
Fidelma Di Lemma, Jatuporn Burns, Alexander Winston, James Madden, Jan-Fong Jue and Dennis Keiser
Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States
Great effort worldwide has been invested in replacing highly enriched uranium (HEU) fuel with low-
enriched uranium (LEU) fuel in nuclear plants, in the frame of safeguarding nuclear material and
promoting the proliferation resistance [1]. A monolithic U-Mo fuel type is being developed at Idaho
National Laboratory for this purpose. This study focuses on the characterization of fresh and irradiated
monolithic U-Mo fuel specimens to understand the effect of irradiation on the initial texture.
Understanding, controlling and monitoring texture evolution under irradiation is important to evaluate
material properties, as texture can affect up them up to 20-50% (e.g. Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio,
strength ductility, toughness, thermal expansion, and magnetic-electrical properties) [2].
Samples texture was analyses via Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD), using the Quanta 3D FEG
Dual Beam equipped with the EDAX Hikari EBSD. Sample preparation was a challenging and important
task of this work as EBSD patterns are generated within a small interaction volume located at a depth of
less than 50-100 nm. Thus, the data quality is extremely sensitive to the integrity of the crystallographic
lattice order at the surface of the sample and to oxidation [2]. While conventional sample preparation
methods are widely used in materials science, they often do not lead to quality electron backscattered
patterns needed for characterization of the nuclear materials [3]. Due to challenges associated with
handling radiological specimens, rapid oxidation of the specimens, and “artifacts” (high number of
defects, precipitates and/or porosities) [3-7]. Thus, the Focused Ion Beam (FIB) glazing technique [1,4,6]
has been used and optimized for EBSD collection for this fuel type. High Voltage (30kV) and low current
(7nA) was used during FIB cleaning to minimize beam damaged to the sample.
From the EBSD analyses not only texture information, but also phases and grain size data was obtained.
The fresh fuel samples showed large grains 5-20 μm (Figure 1). Rolling texture could be observed along
{100} with a main grain orientation on < 101 > (Figure 1 and Figure 2). At medium burn-up (ca.5x10
21
fission/cc) the samples grain structure was modified. The sample developed a bimodal distribution, where
some of the original grains are maintained (ca.10 μm diameter) and smaller grains (200-300 nm) are
formed. The process involved with the observed grain subdivision (“grain refinement”) under irradiation
has been widely discussed [4], not only for U-Mo system but also for other fuel types. The mechanism for
grain subdivision has been described either as polygonization or recrystallization [4]. Our work shows
that most of grain boundaries formed around the refined grains are low angle, in line with the
polygonizations mechanism. When evaluating the texture for the irradiated sample, it can be observed that
some of the initial texture is retained in the bigger grains (Figure 2). The refined grains, on the other hand,
show a new texture. Detailed investigation is ongoing to evaluate if this effect is an artifact induced by
erroneous indexing or it is related to the subdivision mechanism.
Acknowledgement The work presented is part of the United States High-Performance Research Reactor
(USHPRR) program under the United States Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security
Administration’s (NNSA) NA-23.
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