1 Energy, unemployment and trade Shuddhasattwa Rafiq a* Ruhul Salim b Pasquale M Sgro a a Deakin Graduate School of Business Faculty of Business & Law Deakin University 221 Burwood Highway, Melbourne, Victoria 3125 Australia b School of Economics and Finance Curtin Business School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. Curtin University * Corresponding author Acknowledgement: Our heartiest thanks to Professor Yongcheol Shin and Professor Tolga Omay for their kind supports in implementing Kapetanios et al. (2014) and Emirmahmutoglu and Omay (2014) non-linear panel estimations.