Geographic distributon, habitat use and vocalizatons of the leaf-liter frog Ischnocnema henselii (Anura: Brachycephalidae) in the subtropical Atlantc Forest Elaine Maria Lucas 1,2 , Veluma Ialú Molinari De Bastani 2 & Rodrigo Lingnau 3 1 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM. Av. Independência, 3751, Palmeira das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. E-mail: elaine.lucasg@gmail.com. 2 Laboratório de Ecologia. Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó. Rua Senador Atlio Fontana 591 E, Bairro Efapi, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil. E-mail: veluma@unochapeco.edu.br. 3 Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR. Linha Santa Bárbara s/n, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil. E-mail: rodrigolingnau@gmail.com. Abstract. Data on geographic distributon and ecology are essental when defning the conservaton status of a species. Herein, we present new informaton about the geographic distributon, habitat and advertsement call of Ischnocnema henselii, an endemic species of the southern Atlantc Forest. We conducted this study in forest fragments in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, from January 2008 to November 2012. We recorded I. henselii in eight fragments over 100 ha in size, both inside and outside conservaton units. We ofen observed less than 20 males in calling actvity. The calling actvity was daytme and nightme, and more intense in the rain. We observed individuals perched on vegetaton, on leaves or branches, on the leaf liter or under tree trunks. Duraton of advertsement calls ranged from 14.71 ± 1.68 s (n = 11 calls) and interval between notes was 0.22 ± 0.13 s (n = 99 notes). We observed that the advertsement calls had a feature that we call “alterna- tng modulaton” in the amplitude of the notes. We suggest that further bioacoustc studies should analyze the relevance of this alternatng modulaton, to understand its role in communicaton. Although I. henselii is a ha- bitat specialist, it is currently considered a common species, classifed as Least Concern by Brazilian and IUCN lists. In the region studied, characterized by small and isolated remnants of the Atlantc Forest, I. henselii is not an abundant species and its spatal distributon is always associated with wet forest fragments. The increasing degradaton of forest remnants in this region causes microclimatc and structural changes that may compro- mise the permanence of strictly forest and moisture-dependent species for reproducton, such as I. henselii. Keywords: Advertsement calls, Amphibia, natural history, Southern Brazil. Resumo. Distribuição geográfca, uso do habitat e vocalizações da rãzinha-de-folhiço Ischnocnema henselii (Anura: Brachycephalidae) na Mata Atlântca subtropical. Informações sobre distribuição geográfca e ecolo- gia são essenciais para a defnição do estado de conservação de uma espécie. Aqui, nós apresentamos novas informações sobre a distribuição geográfca, habitat e canto de anúncio de I. henselii, um anfbio endêmico do Sul da Mata Atlântca. Nós conduzimos o estudo em fragmentos forestais no estado de Santa Catarina, sul ISSN 1517-6770 Revista Brasileira de Zoociências 19(1): 151-162. 2018