Reset Observers for Linear Time-Delay Systems. A Delay-Independent
Approach
D. Paesa, A. Ba˜ nos, and C. Sagues
Abstract— A Reset observer (ReO) is a novel sort of observer
consisting of an integrator, and a reset law that resets the output
of the integrator depending on a predefined condition over its
input and/or output. The introduction of the reset element in the
adaptive laws can decrease the overshooting and settling time
of the estimation process without sacrificing the rising time.
Motivated by the interest in the design of state observers for
systems with time-delay, which is an issue that often appears in
process control, this paper contributes with the extension of the
ReO to the time-delay system framework. The time-independent
stability analysis of our proposal is addressed by means of
linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Simulation results show the
potential benefit of the proposed reset observer compared with
traditional linear observers.
I. I NTRODUCTION
State observers are recursive algorithms that play a key
role in many applications such as failure detection and re-
covery, monitoring and maintenance, or fault tolerant control.
Initially, the research on state observers was focused on linear
time invariant (LTI) systems [1], and afterwards on nonlinear
systems [2], and on time-delay systems as well [3]. All
those works are characterized by having only a proportional
feedback term of the output observation error, and are known
as proportional observers (POs). This proportional approach
ensures a bounded estimation of the state and the unknown
parameter, assuming a persistent excitation condition as well
as the lack of disturbances. The performance of proportional
observers can be improved by adding an integral term to
the adaptive laws, and the resultant observers are known as
proportional integral observers (PIOs) [4]. This additional
integral term can increase the steady state accuracy and
improve the robustness against modeling errors and dis-
turbances [5]. Although PIOs were initially introduced in
LTI systems for robustness improvement and loop transfer
recovery, their effectiveness have been also checked with
nonlinear system [6] and time-delay systems [7].
However, since the adaptive laws are still linear, they have
the inherent limitations of linear feedback control. Namely,
they cannot decrease the settling time and the overshoot of
the estimation process simultaneously. Therefore, a trade-
off between both requirements is needed. Nevertheless, this
fundamental limitation can be overcome by adding a reset
element. A simple reset element consists of an integrator and
a reset law that resets the output of the integrator as long as
This work was supported in part by DGA project PI065/09 and BSH
Home Appliances Group.
D. Paesa, and C. Sagues are with DIIS, University of Zaragoza, Spain.
e-mail: dpaesa@unizar.es, csagues@unizar.es
A. Ba˜ nos, is with Department of Informatica y Sistemas, University of
Murcia, Spain. e-mail: abanos@um.es
the reset condition holds. This reset element is commonly
referred to as the Clegg integrator after the work of Clegg
in 1958 [8], who proposed an integrator which was reset to
zero when its input is zero (zero crossing reset law). In 1974,
Horowitz generalized that initial work substituting the Clegg
integrator by a more general structure called the first order
reset element (FORE) [9]. During the last years, the research
on the stability analysis and stabilization for reset systems is
attracting the attention of many academics and engineers. A
main difference between the state-of-art reset control works
is the definition of the reset law: in [10] reset instants are
fixed and thus the stability analysis is much simpler; the
work [11] develops stability conditions for the zero crossing
reset law; in [12] stability conditions are obtained when the
reset is performed at those instants in which the input and
output of the reset element have different signs (sector reset
condition); finally in [13] a dwell-time stability condition
over reset instants is given that is applicable to any reset
law. It is important to note that all these definitions of
reset laws results in different reset systems dynamics, and
all of them have advantages and disadvantages in relation
to obtain stability and performance specifications in control
practice. It should be noted that although there are a relevant
number of stability results for the different types of reset law,
synthesising reset elements for optimal performance is still
an open issue.
Recently, stability analysis of reset control systems has
been also extended to time-delay systems for the case of
zero crossing reset law. There are two main approaches to
study the stability of time-delay systems, which depend on
whether the time-delay is included in the stability analysis or
not [14]. Regarding the stability of reset control systems, the
delay-dependent approach was addressed in [15], whereas
the delay-independent stability analysis was given in [16].
In both cases, stability conditions were given using a set of
LMI.
Although the research on reset elements is still an open
and challenging topic, this research has been mainly focused
on control issues. The first application of the reset elements
to the state observer framework is [17]. There, the authors
proposed a new sort of observer called reset observer (ReO).
A ReO is an state observer whose integral term has been
substituted for a reset element. The introduction of the reset
element in the adaptive laws can improve the performance
of the observer, as it is possible to decrease the overshoot
and settling time of the estimation process simultaneously.
This paper extends our previous work about ReO [17],
[18] to the time-delay system framework, using the ideas
2011 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and
European Control Conference (CDC-ECC)
Orlando, FL, USA, December 12-15, 2011
978-1-61284-799-3/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE 4152