Research Article, ISSN 2313-4747 (Print); ISSN 2313-4755 (Online); Prefix 10.18034
Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2014, Asian Business Consortium | AJTP Page 93
The Intersection of Self-Actualization, Entrepreneurship
and Transformational Leadership: A Review of
Maslow’s Perspective of Eupsychian Management
Nura S. Akilu, Abubakar Sambo Junaidu*
Department of Business Administration, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, NIGERIA
*E-mail for correspondence: gidadawa56@yahoo.co.uk
Cell Phone: +2348117896795
Received: May 27, 2015; Accepted: Jul 26, 2015; Published: Aug 06, 2015
Source of Support: Nil No Conflict of Interest: Declared
ABSTRACT
An entrepreneur is someone often associated with venture creation, through what could be termed as
bold undertaking; a process of treading an unfamiliar terrain characterized by overwhelming
challenges known as entrepreneurship. Similarly the self actualizing individual is perceptive of
possibilities and engaged in pursuits of interest that could otherwise be deemed unattainable by the
multitude. These two, share commonalities akin to commitment to a purpose, meaningful enough to
be sustainable and yet do not operate in isolation. They both work to inspire, motivate and organize
people of shared vision in the direction of their dreams through transformational leadership.
Interestingly too, there seem to be a point of convergence that characterize the seemingly varied
motives, leadership style, and what could be seen as distinct set of attributions in the definitions of an
entrepreneur and the self-actualizing individual. This possibility stems from the assumption that the
quest for entrepreneurial success is more or less associated with the need for self actualization and
forms the phenomena of interest this paper aims to explore with a view to establishing a meaningful
convergence. Drawing from qualitative analysis of related literature and Abraham Maslow’s works in
particular, effort has been made towards this end. The findings revealed a synchronized form of the
phenomena with implications that resonate around Maslow’s Idea of Eupsychian Management with a
recommendation for practical adoption of the concept.
Keywords: Self-actualization, Entrepreneurship, Transformational Leadership, Entrepreneurial
Organization, Vision, Purpose
INTRODUCTION
Eupsychian management is Abraham Maslow’s construct
of what could otherwise be called enlightened
management to denote management of the
psychologically healthy. In his “Eupsychian
Management” a journal published in 1965, the well
known humanistic psychologist who also, is the
proponent of the widely acknowledged hierarchy of
needs theory of motivation particularly in the
management literature put forward this perspective,
which is considered to be more or less utopian in nature.
It is an extension of his concept of self-actualization of the
needs theory, which he articulated in his book
titled:“motivation and personality” published in 1954.
Self actualization is a higher human need amongst the list
of needs proposed by Maslow, which occupies the apex
position in his gradation of needs symbolized by a
hierarchical pyramid of prepotency. In his “Eupsychian
management a journal”, he extended this concept of self
actualization to embody thirty-six set of assumptions that
are descriptive of conditions necessary for this
perspective of management to be feasible in the
operational sense. Central to the ideas embodied in these
set of assumptions is the spirit of team work in an
organization of psychologically healthy people motivated
and lead by a strong desire to self actualize and bonded
by a deep sense of purpose and shared vision.
The in-depth analysis of Abraham Maslow’s works
(Motivation and personality and Eupsychian
Management) with particular emphasis on the self
actualization concept lead to fascinating insights, which
in combination with recent research findings in the field
of entrepreneurship and transformational leadership
theory, inspired the development of the content of this
paper. It is in this effort, aimed at making explicit the
contextual associations of observable pattern of
interrelationship that exist between these three constructs
of self actualization, entrepreneurship and
transformational leadership that a rather cohesive and
complimentary nexus of interdependence becomes