Xi Sisi Shen
1,3
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
McGill University
Montreal, Canada
Aaron Williams
2
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
McGill University
Montreal, Canada
1 Introduction
Let Π(n) be the set of permutations of [n]={1, 2,...,n} written as strings
in one-line notation. For example, Π(3)={123, 132, 213, 231, 312, 321}. A
permutation Gray code is an order of Π(n) in which successive permutations
1
Email: xi.shen@mail.mcgill.ca
2
Email: haron@uvic.ca
3
Research partially funded by the Institut des Sciences Math´ ematiques.
Abstract
We give the n! permutations of [n]={1, 2,...,n} a cyclic order inspired by the chil-
dren’s game of Hot Potato. Our order is a transposition Gray code, meaning that
consecutive permutations differ by a single transposition. Furthermore, each trans-
position is restricted in two ways: (1) It must transpose value n (the “hot potato”);
(2) It must transpose positions that are circularly adjacent or semi-adjacent. In
other words, if each permutation is written circularly, then our order repeatedly
transposes the value n with a value that is one or two positions to its left or right.
Keywords: Gray code, permutation, star transposition, adjacent transposition,
vertex transitive graph, Hamilton cycle, Lov´ asz conjecture
A ‘Hot Potato’ Gray Code for Permutations
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics 44 (2013) 89–94
1571-0653/$ – see front matter © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
www.elsevier.com/locate/endm
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endm.2013.10.014