Research Article Parental Diabetes Behaviors and Distress Are Related to Glycemic Control in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: Longitudinal Data from the DINO Study Minke M. A. Eilander, 1,2,3 Frank J. Snoek, 1,2,4 Joost Rotteveel, 2,5 Henk-Jan Aanstoot, 3 Willie M. Bakker-van Waarde, 6 Euphemia C. A. M. Houdijk, 7 Roos Nuboer, 8 Per Winterdijk, 3 and Maartje de Wit 1,2 1 Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelenlaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands 3 Diabeter, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research, Blaak 6, 3011 TA Rotterdam, Netherlands 4 Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands 5 Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands 6 Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands 7 Department of Pediatrics, Juliana Children’s Hospital/Haga Hospital, Els Borst-Eilersplein 275, 2545 AA The Hague, Netherlands 8 Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Center, Maatweg 3, 3813 TZ Amersfoort, Netherlands Correspondence should be addressed to Minke M. A. Eilander; m.eilander@vumc.nl Received 24 July 2017; Revised 6 October 2017; Accepted 15 October 2017; Published 10 December 2017 Academic Editor: Andrea Scaramuzza Copyright © 2017 Minke M. A. Eilander et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. To evaluate (1) the longitudinal relationship between parental well-being and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes and (2) if youth’s problem behavior, diabetes parenting behavior, and parental diabetes-distress influence this relationship. Research Design and Methods. Parents of youth 8–15 yrs (at baseline) (N = 174) participating in the DINO study completed questionnaires at three time waves (1 yr interval). Using generalized estimating equations, the relationship between parental well-being (WHO-5) and youth’s HbA1c was examined. Second, relationships between WHO-5, Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist (DFBC), Problem Areas In Diabetes-Parent Revised (PAID-Pr) scores, and HbA1c were analyzed. Results. Low well-being was reported by 32% of parents. No relationship was found between parents’ WHO-5 scores and youth’s HbA1c (β = -0 052, p =0 650). WHO-5 related to SDQ (β = -0 219, p <0 01), DFBC unsupportive scale (β = -0 174, p <0 01), and PAID-Pr (β = -0 666, p <0 01). Both DFBC scales (supportive β = -0 259, p =0 01; unsupportive β =0 383, p =0 017), PAID-Pr (β =0 276, p <0 01), and SDQ (β =0 424, p <0 01) related to HbA1c. Conclusions. Over time, reduced parental well-being relates to increased problem behavior in youth, unsupportive parenting, and parental distress, which negatively associate with HbA1c. More unsupportive diabetes parenting and distress relate to youth’s problem behavior. 1. Introduction In the treatment of youth with type 1 diabetes, the primary caregivers (in most cases parents) play an important role as they perform or monitor the diabetes management on a daily basis. Compared to parents of healthy youth, these parents have more concerns about their child’s health. Research showed that parents of youth with type 1 diabetes often worry about severe hypoglycemia (that might result in coma) and the risk of complications later in life [1, 2]. Not Hindawi Journal of Diabetes Research Volume 2017, Article ID 1462064, 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1462064