Research Article
Dental Phobia among Pregnant Women: Considerations for
Healthcare Professionals
Muhammad Nazir and Muhanad Alhareky
Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University,
Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Correspondence should be addressed to Muhammad Nazir; manazir@iau.edu.sa
Received 2 February 2020; Accepted 23 March 2020; Published 10 April 2020
Academic Editor: Alessandro Leite Cavalcanti
Copyright © 2020 Muhammad Nazir and Muhanad Alhareky. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative
Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original work is properly cited.
Objective. To report the prevalence of dental phobia and associated factors among pregnant women. MaterialsandMethods.is
cross-sectional study included pregnant women visiting hospitals in Dhahran, Khobar, and Dammam in Saudi Arabia. e
ModifiedDentalAnxietyScale(MDAS)wasusedtoassessdentalanxietyandphobia.escoreofMDASrangesfrom5to25,and
a cutoff value of 19 was used to identify participants with dental phobia. Results. e study analyzed data of 825 participants with
mean age of 29.08 ± 5.18 years. e prevalence of dental phobia was 16.1%. About 46.9% of the sample believed that dental
treatment should be avoided during pregnancy, and the importance of regular dental checkup was recognized by 16.4% of the
participants. Dental phobia was associated with the perception of the health of teeth (P 0.004) and gums (P 0.016). Multiple
logistic regression showed that being under the age of 30 years (OR 0.63, P 0.019) and updating knowledge about oral health (OR
0.49, P 0.006) were significantly associated with reduced likelihood of dental phobia. However, having bad dental experience (OR
2.13, P 0.001) and being in first trimester of pregnancy (OR 1.57, P 0.033) were significantly associated with increased odds of
dental phobia. Conclusions.Aconsiderableproportionofpregnantwomenreporteddentalphobia.ebaddentalexperiencewas
associated with increased dental phobia. However, reduced likelihood of dental phobia was associated with updating oral health
knowledge. Healthcare professionals may consider these factors to reduce dental phobia and improve oral health of
pregnant women.
1. Introduction
Pregnant women are at increased risk of gingivitis, peri-
odontitis, tooth mobility, pregnancy oral tumor, caries, and
enamel erosions [1, 2]. It is known that periodontal diseases
are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as
preterm delivery, low birth weight, and preeclampsia [3].
Periodontal diseases are also associated with diabetes, cor-
onary heart disease, stroke, and rheumatoid arthritis [4].
Despite, there is a low utilization of oral care among
pregnant women [5]. Microorganisms from the mother can
colonize an infant’s oral cavity [6]. Hence, inadequate oral
care during pregnancy can result in poor oral health out-
comes for both the mother and infants [1]. erefore, dental
care and preventive measures should be provided to
pregnant women to reduce the risk of oral and systemic
conditions for them and their newborns [1, 2].
Anxiety is an emotional state before the actual situation
with threatening stimuli, and it may be undetectable at
times. Fear is a reaction to a threat or danger, and phobia is
an intense, persistent, or recurrent irrational fear that can
lead to a compelling desire to avoid phobic stimuli [7].
Extreme fear of dental situation associated with uneasiness,
terror, and hypertensive feelings is termed as dental phobia,
a type of specific phobia, which is a clinical diagnosis as
opposed to dental anxiety or fear although these terms are
used interchangeably in the literature [7–9].
A large body of evidence indicates that the prevalence of
dental phobia ranges from 0.9% to 12.4% in adult patients
from the community or those visiting dental teaching
Hindawi
International Journal of Dentistry
Volume 2020, Article ID 4156165, 7 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4156165