410 TheJournalofRheumatology2009;36:2;doi:10.3899/jrheum.080514
Personal non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology Copyright © 2009. All rights reserved.
Access to Pediatric Rheumatology Subspecialty Care in
British Columbia, Canada
NATALIEJ.SHIFF,REEMABDWANI,DAVIDA.CABRAL,KRISTINM.HOUGHTON,PETERN.MALLESON,
ROSSE.PETTY,VICTORM.ESPINOSA,andLORIB.TUCKER
ABSTRACT. Objective. Early recognition and treatment of pediatric rheumatic diseases is associated with
improvedoutcome.Wedocumentedaccesstopediatricrheumatologysubspecialtycareforchildren
in British Columbia (BC), Canada, referred to the pediatric rheumatology clinic at BC Children’s
Hospital,Vancouver.
Methods. AnauditofnewpatientsattendingtheoutpatientclinicfromMay2006toFebruary2007
was conducted. Parents completed a questionnaire through a guided interview at the initial clinic
assessment.Referraldateswereobtainedfromthereferralletters.Patientswereclassifiedashaving
rheumaticdisease,nonrheumaticdisease,orapainsyndromebasedonfinaldiagnosisbyapediatric
rheumatologist.
Results. Data were collected from 124 of 203 eligible new patients. Before pediatric rheumatology
assessment,amedianof3healthcareproviderswereseen(range1–11)foramedianof5visits(range
1–39). Overall, the median time interval from symptom onset to pediatric rheumatology assessment
was268days(range13–4989),andthemediantimeintervalfromsymptomonsettoreferraltopedi-
atric rheumatology was 179 days (range 3–4970). Among patients ultimately diagnosed with rheu-
maticdiseases(n=53),therewasamedianof119days(range3–4970)fromsymptomonsettorefer-
ral, and 169 days (range 31–4989) from onset to pediatric rheumatology assessment.
Conclusion. Children and adolescents with rheumatic complaints see multiple care providers for
multiple visits before referral to pediatric rheumatology, and there is often a long interval between
symptom onset and this referral. (First Release Dec 15 2008; J Rheumatol 2009;36:410–5;
doi:10.3899/jrheum.080514)
KeyIndexingTerms:
JUVENILEIDIOPATHICARTHRITIS HEALTHSERVICESNEEDSANDDEMAND
PEDIATRICRHEUMATICDISEASES
FromtheDivisionofPediatricRheumatology,DepartmentofPediatrics,
UniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC),Vancouver,BC,Canada.
N.J.Shiff,MD,PediatricRheumatologySubspecialtyResident,Divisionof
Rheumatology,DepartmentofPediatrics,UBC;R.Abdwani,MD,
PediatricRheumatologyConsultant,ChildHealthDepartment,Sultan
QaboosUniversityHospital,Oman;D.A.Cabral,MBBS,Clinical
AssociateProfessorofPediatrics,Head,DivisionofRheumatology,
DepartmentofPediatrics,UBC;K.M.Houghton,MD,MSc,Clinical
AssistantProfessorofPediatrics,DivisionofRheumatology,Department
ofPediatrics,UBC;P.N.Malleson,MBBS,ProfessorofPediatrics,
DivisionofRheumatology,DepartmentofPediatrics,UBC;R.E.Petty,
MD,PhD,ProfessorEmeritusofPediatrics,DivisionofRheumatology,
DepartmentofPediatrics,UBC;V.M.Espinosa,MSc,ITResearch
Support,Manager,CentreforAppliedHealthResearchandEvaluation,
ChildandFamilyResearchInstitute,UBC;L.B.Tucker,MD,Clinical
AssociateProfessorofPediatrics,DivisionofRheumatology,Department
ofPediatrics,UBC.
AddressreprintrequeststoDr.N.J.Shiff,DivisionofRheumatology,
BCChildren’sHospital,RoomK4-120,4480OakStreet,Vancouver,BC
V6H3V4.E-mail:nshiff@cw.bc.ca
AcceptedforpublicationSeptember26,2008.
For children ultimately diagnosed with rheumatic disease,
theremaybeseveralintermediaryreferralsorlogisticdelays
after contact with their initial primary healthcare provider
and before being seen by a pediatric rheumatologist for
assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. Yet early detection
and intervention are thought to optimize outcome for most
rheumaticconditions,rangingfrompotentiallyfatalvasculi-
tides to morbidities such as uveitis associated with juvenile
idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
1,2
.
Canadian standards for access to pediatric rheumatology
care do not exist. The Canadian Rheumatology Association
consensus statement on treatment of early rheumatoid
arthritis(RA)advocatesearlyreferraltoanarthritisspecial-
ist
3
. The Alliance for the Canadian Arthritis Program (an
alliance of arthritis patients, volunteer associations, care-
givers, healthcare providers, researchers, government, and
industry)recentlyrecommendedtheidentificationandtreat-
mentofanyinflammatoryarthritiswithin4weeksofseeing
a healthcare professional, and provisionally recommended
timely access to integrated age- and stage-appropriate
healthcare
4
. This guideline did not explicitly address the
issue of rheumatic disease in children. The American
College of Rheumatology has developed guidelines for
referraltopediatricrheumatologists,buttheseguidelinesdo
not address referral times
1
.
Time intervals from symptom onset to initial pediatric
rheumatology assessment in Canada are beginning to be
described
5
;however,therouteandtimedelaypriortopedi-
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