Int J Game Theory (2006) 34:229–240
DOI 10.1007/s00182-006-0011-z
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Xingwei Hu
An asymmetric Shapley–Shubik power index
Published online: 18 May 2006
© Springer-Verlag 2006
Abstract This paper extends the traditional “pivoting” and “swing” schemes in the
Shapley–Shubik (S-S) power index and the Banzhaf index to the case of “block-
ing”. Voters are divided into two groups: those who vote for the bill and those
against the bill. The uncertainty of the division is described by a probability dis-
tribution. We derive the S-S power index, based on a priori ignorance about the
random bipartition.
Keywords Shapley–Shubik power index · Banzhaf index · Simple game · Voting
JEL Classification Number C710 · D710 · D720
AMS Subject Classification 2000 91A12 · 91A40 · 91B12
1 Preliminaries
A generic bill coming to a vote within a voting body is supported by some voters
or players, but not by others. Voters with a common interest may cooperate against
others. For example, in the United Nations Security Council in the Cold War era
the USA and the UK were more likely to vote the same way on a bill, though not
always, than the USA and the USSR were. For another example, consider the US
House of Representatives. As the growth of one district is beneficial to its neigh-
boring districts, representatives from two neighboring districts (one representative
X. Hu
Department of Mathematics, University of California Los Angeles, P.O.Box 6842, Alhambra,
CA 91802, USA
E-mail: xhu@math.ucla.edu
Tel.: +1-310-8693795
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