Research Article Genetic Variability, Heritability, and Clustering Pattern Exploration of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) Accessions for the Perfection of Yield and Yield-Related Traits Md Mahmudul Hasan Khan , 1,2 Mohd Y. Rafii , 1,3 Shairul Izan Ramlee, 3 Mashitah Jusoh, 3 and Al Mamun 1,4 1 Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Department of Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh 3 Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 4 Breeding Divison, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh Correspondence should be addressed to Md Mahmudul Hasan Khan; mhasan.bari12@gmail.com and Mohd Y. Rafii; mrafii@upm.edu.my Received 25 July 2020; Revised 24 November 2020; Accepted 1 December 2020; Published 21 December 2020 Academic Editor: Yue Sheng Copyright © 2020 Md Mahmudul Hasan Khan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is considered an emerging crop for the future and known as a crop for the new millennium. The core intention of this research work was to estimate the variation of landraces of Bambara groundnut considering their 14 qualitative and 27 numerical traits, to discover the best genotype fitted in Malaysia. The findings of the ANOVA observed a highly significant variation (p ≤ 0:01) for all the traits evaluated. There was a substantial variation (7.27 to 41.21%) coefficient value, and 14 out of the 27 numerical traits noted coefficient of variation ðCVÞ ≥ 20%. Yield (kg/ha) disclosed positively strong to perfect high significant correlation (r =0:75 to 1.00; p ≤ 0:001) with traits like fresh pod weight, dry pod weight, and dry seed weight. The topmost PCV and GCV values were estimated for biomass dry (41.09%) and fresh (40.53%) weight with high heritability (Hb) and genetic advance (GA) Hb = 95:19%, GA = 80:57% and Hb = 98:52%, GA = 82:86%, respectively. The topmost heritability was recorded for fresh pod weight (99.89%) followed by yield (99.75%) with genetic advance 67.95% and 62.03%, respectively. The traits with Hb ≥ 60% and GA ≥ 20% suggested the least influenced by the environment as well as governed by the additive genes and direct selection for improvement of such traits can be beneficial. To estimate the genetic variability among accessions, the valuation of variance components, coefficients of variation, heritability, and genetic advance were calculated. To authenticate the genetic inequality, an unweighted pair group produced with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal component analysis was executed based on their measurable traits that could be a steadfast method for judging the degree of diversity. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, constructed five distinct clusters and 44 accessions from clusters II and IV consider an elite type of genotypes that produce more than one ton yield per hectare land with desirable traits. This study exposed an extensive disparity among the landraces and the evidence on genetic relatives will be imperative in using the existing germplasm for Bambara groundnut varietal improvement. Moreover, this finding will be beneficial for breeders to choose the desirable numerical traits of V. subterranea in their future breeding program. 1. Introduction The Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.; Syn: Voandzeia subterranea L. Thouars) is an underutilized grain legume that belongs to the family of Fabaceae and subfamily of Faboidea grown mostly in Africa [1]. Verdcourt [2] sug- gested the present binomial name Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc and its chromosome number is 2n =2x = 22 [3]. Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2020, Article ID 2195797, 31 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2195797