Research Article
Free and Forced Vibration Analysis of an Infilled Steel Frame:
Experimental, Numerical, and Analytical Methods
Mohammad Amin Hariri-Ardebili,
1
Hamid Rahmani Samani,
2
and Masoud Mirtaheri
3
1
Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder (UCB),
Boulder, CO 80309-0428, USA
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Pardis Branch, Tehran 135/16555, Iran
3
Department of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence should be addressed to Mohammad Amin Hariri-Ardebili; mohammad.haririardebili@colorado.edu
Received 20 February 2014; Revised 27 July 2014; Accepted 7 August 2014; Published 28 August 2014
Academic Editor: Nuno M. Maia
Copyright © 2014 Mohammad Amin Hariri-Ardebili et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Structural frames with masonry infll panels make up a signifcant portion of the buildings constructed in earthquake-prone areas
prior to the developing of the seismic design standards. In this paper, the efects of masonry panels on the vibration response of an
inflled steel-frame building are investigated. Various ambient and steady state forced vibration tests are carried out to realize the
dynamic characteristics of the system. 3D fnite element models of the building with and without infll panels are provided based on
marcomodeling theorem. A set of analytical approximate formulas are also derived to estimate the vibrational period. Te natural
frequencies of the building are computed using numerical, analytical, and experimental methods. Te results show that neglecting
the efect of infll panels leads to considerable error. Moreover, it is shown that there is good agreement among the results obtained
by the three methods considering the efect of infll panels.
1. Introduction
Steel-frame buildings with masonry infll walls are a type
of construction widely used throughout many developing
countries. Hollow clay tile blocks, hollow concrete blocks,
and normal bricks are used in infll walls (Figure 1(a)). Te
infll walls, being traditionally nonengineered, have as-built
properties which at the design stage are almost impossible
to estimate reliably and/or to specify and at the construction
stage are hard to control [1]. However, the efects of infll
walls on the structural properties of a building have been
recognized by engineers and studied for a long time [2]. Te
infll walls are supposed to increase the building stifness.
Tey also may have some undesirable efects on the building
performance, such as enhancing the sof storey mechanism
or causing short column efects. Chaker and Cherifati [3]
suggested that plane stress fnite elements provide a better
representation of the in-plane initial stifness of the infll
panels under the small strain condition. In order to simulate
the behavior of the infll wall, diferent types of models can be
used [4]:
(i) micromodeling in which the efect of mortar joints
are considered as a discrete element. In this approach,
the brick and mortar are modeled as continuum
elements and interface between the brick and mortar
is modeled by an interface joint element (Figure 1(b)).
(ii) mesomodeling in which the bricks are modeled by
continuum elements, but the mortar joint and its
interface with bricks are modeled together as an
interface element (Figure 1(c)).
(iii) macromodeling in which a single numerical model
represents the infll panel efect [2]. Macromodeling
is considered in two levels, that is, (1) homogenized
model in which the brick, mortar, and the interface
are modeled as one continuum element (Figure 1(d)),
and (2) strut model in which the infll panel is mod-
eled by one (Figure 1(e)) or more struts (Figure 1(f))
in each direction.
Micromodeling is relatively time-consuming especially
for analysis of large structures [5]. Diferent mechanisms have
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Shock and Vibration
Volume 2014, Article ID 439591, 14 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/439591