Pergamon
Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 529 539, 1997
© 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
All rights reserved. Printed in Great Britain
0742-051X/97 $17.00 + 0.00
PII: S0742-051 X(96)00001-2
USING A RESEARCH SIMULATION TO CHALLENGE PROSPECTIVE
TEACHERS' BELIEFS ABOUT MATHEMATICS
SANDRA SCHUCK
University of Technology, Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
Abstraet--A cohort of first year prospectiveprimary school teachers became aware of the affective
aspects of learning mathematics through a research simulation. The students posed questions
about issues that they saw as problematic in mathematics education and then participated in inter-
views in which they acted as researchers and respondents. The research simulation continued, in
that students enacted other roles typical of researchers, such as disseminating the results of their
research to the community. Using a research simulation encouraged beliefs to become explicit
and promoted opportunity for reflection about the implication of those beliefs for prospective
primary school teachers of mathematics. © 1997 ElsevierScience Ltd
Introduction
This paper reports on an investigation of
prospective teachers' learning about teaching
and learning of mathematics through the use
of a research simulation. It begins by discussing
some of the literature concerning prospective
primary school teachers' views on learning and
teaching, and concerning the goals and direc-
tions of teacher education courses. A rationale
for using a research simulation in teacher
education courses is then developed. Finally a
discussion of the way in which a research simu-
lation was used with first year students at an
Australian university is described and
discussed.
For the last two decades at least, ideas
about reform in mathematics have been
debated and numerous attempts to implement
reform have occurred. Policy documents, such
as the Cockcroft Report (Cockcroft, 1982) in
the United Kingdom, the U.S.A.'s "Standards
documents," Curriculum and Evaluation Stan-
dards for School Mathematics (National
Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1989)
and Professional Standards for Teaching
Mathematics (National Council of Teachers
of Mathematics, 1991), and Australia's
National Statement on School Mathematics
(1991), share a vision of mathematics in which
the affective component is seen as being of
major importance in the learning and teaching
of mathematics. All these documents also high-
light the requirement for the power of mathe-
matics to be made more accessible to all
members of the community. This vision
requires the reform of mathematics education
from the teaching of what could be called a
mathematics for an elite, a mathematics that
is viewed as objective, universal and unchan-
ging (Burton, 1996) to the teaching of mathe-
matics that is fallible, dynamic and accessible
to all people. Fennema, Carpenter, & Peterson
(1989) relate how prior to the reform vision,
the picture of "good teaching" stemmed from
a view of mathematics that stressed the gaining
of a body of skills through drill and practice.
Students were found to be relatively successful
at performing low order computation but
seemed to be far less successful at higher
order cognitive skills such as problem solving.
As advances in technology led to a lesser
demand for computational skills and to a
greater need for conceptual understanding and
problem solving skills, the 1980s and 1990s
saw an overwhelming belief that great change
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