Encouraging Computational Skills: Evaluating BIM
Course to Support Design Studio
Aswin Indraprastha
School of Architecture, Planning, and
Policy Development
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Indonesia
aswin@itb.ac.id
Abstract—Architectural education curricula are inevitably
facing the challenge to lead and stay relevant to the expanding
territory in architecture, engineering, and construction
industries. The design studio, as a capstone of this education
system, now meets the rise of computational tools in every
aspect of the design process. The question arises on the method
to incorporate the increasing development of computational
tools into a systematic structure in the curricula that supports
and enhance the design and its delivery. This study reports an
analysis of the evaluation of five years of implementation of
BIM-related courses in the undergraduate study planned to
support the use of computational tools for the design studio at
the School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development,
Institut Teknologi Bandung. This paper is concerned with the
pedagogical approaches and content of teaching materials
concerning limitations and constraints given by the curriculum
structure. Using content analysis from course evaluation forms
and interviews with the students, we analyze and suggest that
the essential skills development necessary for the
undergraduate level is modeling and documentation of design
intent. The pragmatic approach that focuses on those two
factors has benefit for design studio projects particularly on
specific project typology with varied repetition components
and less articulated form. However, our study also found that
introducing BIM courses at 2
nd
year of the undergraduate
program was less useful since it required a proper
understanding of additional and technical knowledge of
building materials, construction, and others.
On the other hand, to tackle the great subjects of BIM, we
employ a blended-learning system where we provided curated
online tutorials into each of the BIM topics as complementary
teaching materials. By this strategy, we optimize learning
outcomes while minimizing the effort to pack a wide range of
BIM subjects into teaching materials. Based on our findings,
the value of computational BIM, therefore, lied on the
comprehensive understanding of modeling design intent and
integrated method for design delivery that we argue are
essential for students entering the workforce. Furthermore,
teaching computational skills through BIM to support design
studio generates a computational milieu among the students
where it encourages students to learn by their peers and
various source materials that allowing them to expand their
skills across platforms. We presented a detailed description
and analysis of the course and outcomes, teaching agenda,
student projects, feedbacks, findings, and discussion in the
paper.
Keywords: BIM, design studio, computational skills
I. BACKGROUND AND ISSUE
Architectural education curricula inevitably facing the
challenge to lead and stay relevant to the expanding territory
in architecture, engineering, and construction industries. The
design studio, as a capstone of this education system, now
meets the rise of computational tools in every aspect of the
design process, particularly BIM. There have been studies
and researches by academia, mainly concerned with the
studio-type learning environment that impacted by BIM.
Ambrose in 2006 challenged design studio pedagogy to
embrace an innovative design thinking into design studio
using BIM application that delivered through an integrated
process of design and construction with the support from
various methods and tools such as simulation tool,
fabrication tool. The point was the possibility of starting a
design studio with a building rather than a conventional
approach that ending with building design. BIM, as a
methodology of design, might reposition curricular goals,
concepts, and knowledge in the design studio [1]. In 2012, he
suggested a studio model that seeks out a new method and
pedagogical shift represented in BIM-based methodology by
establishing new re-iterative relationships between design,
data, and communication [2]. Ning Gu and de Vries (2012)
proposed two approaches of implementing BIM into studio
curricula by a focus on the collaboration aspect of BIM: 1)
intra-disciplinary collaboration within architecture discipline
and 2) interdisciplinary collaboration across disciplines[3].
Delatorre et al. (2015) reported another academic experience
of teaching BIM in university, whereby one of the essential
factors needed for understanding the BIM system was though
interdisciplinary, collaborated, and integrated processes,
supervised by lectures[4]. Another report came from Holzer
(2019), suggesting the importance of blended learning
methods of teaching BIM where learning content comprised
of complementary in-class and curated online
components[5].
Bringing into the context, BIM (Building Information
Modeling) as a new platform and methodology in AEC
(Architecture, Engineering, Construction) industry for
design-construction-management workflows inevitably
disrupts the design process from inception to the detailed
design. In the context of BIM as information modeling, the
principles and concepts behind 3D virtual building modeling
and its representation are necessary to study, and therefore
essential and object to be critically evaluated. Computational
thinking, information database, and digital workflow
underlying BIM software nowadays dated back in 1975
when Eastman [6] worked on the prototype of Building
Description System (BDS) where single information in a
Advances in Engineering Research, volume 192
EduARCHsia & Senvar 2019 International Conference (EduARCHsia 2019)
Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL.
This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 194