25 Copyright © 2012, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 2 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-863-7.ch002 INTRODUCTION Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems have been developed to help organizations integrate and better manage information within and also with their business partners.ERP systems match the information flow with the physical flow of goods, from raw materials to finished goods. ERP is also an efficient approach to fine tune a company’s internal value chain. Most mid-size to large organizations have or will have ERP systems. The government sector (example: state of Pennsylvania in USA) also has adopted ERP systems. Many difficult and costly implementa- tions of ERP systems have been tried in many organizations including FoxMeyer Drug, Dell Computer, Applied Materials and Dow Chemi- Girish H. Subramanian Penn State University at Harrisburg, USA Alan R. Peslak Penn State University, USA ERP Implementation Model, Research Findings, and its Applications to Government ABSTRACT An ERP implementation model is developed with the help of a review of relevant literature. This imple- mentation model has four phases: preparation and training, transition, performance and usefulness, and maintenance. Research fndings from our study provide empirical support for the ERP implementation model. For the purpose of this chapter, we use content analysis of the structured interviews to come up with solutions and recommendations for ERP implementation in government. We fnally present the conclusion and future directions.