Kumar S, Gupta AK, Chandrashekhar B. Total Adiponectin and Risk of Symptomatic Lower Extremity Peripheral Vascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Diabetol Vasc Dis Res. 2019;7(2):243-247. 243 OPEN ACCESS https://scidoc.org/IJDVR.php International Journal of Diabetology & Vascular Disease Research (IJDVR) ISSN:2328-353X Total Adiponectin and Risk of Symptomatic Lower Extremity Peripheral Vascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Research Article Kumar S 1* , Gupta AK 2 , Chandrashekhar B 3 1 Professor, Department of Medicine, SPMC, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. 2 Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, SPMC, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. 3 2 nd year PG Student, Department of Medicine, SPMC, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. Introduction Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived protein that has gained considerable research interest because of its pleiotropic effects on insulin sensitivity, atherosclerosis and infammation [1]. In addition to a consistently lower risk of type 2 diabetes [2], higher adiponectin concentrations have also been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in several studies [3-5]. More recent epidemiological reports, however, observed weaker inverse associations [4, 6] after adjustment for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol [7-9], questioning the putatively protective and independent role of adiponectin in atherosclerotic diseases. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis that affects an estimated 10 million U.S. adults and is associated with reduced functional capacity [10] and increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [12, 13]. Although cholesterol and infammatory risk factors are also strong predictors in this form of CVD [14, 15], PVD is characterized by progressive luminal obstruction in peripheral arteries and may be less related to thrombosis or plaque rupture than are myocardial infarction (MI) or ischemic stroke [16, 17]. This raises the possibility that factors with anti-atherosclerotic and anti- infammatory properties, like adiponectin, may be of particular importance in the development of this type of CVD. *Corresponding Author: Dr. Surendra Kumar, Professor, Department of Medicine, SPMC, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. Tel: 9414604192 E-mail: drsurendrakumar@rediffmail.com Received: October 31, 2018 Accepted: April 08, 2019 Published: April 09, 2019 Citation: Kumar S, Gupta AK, Chandrashekhar B. Total Adiponectin and Risk of Symptomatic Lower Extremity Peripheral Vascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Diabetol Vasc Dis Res. 2019;7(2):243-247. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2328-353X-1900046 Copyright: Kumar S © 2019. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Objective: Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived protein that has gained considerable research interest because of its pleio- tropic effects on insulin sensitivity, atherosclerosis and infammation. Lower concentrations of adiponectin have been linked to subsequent risk of coronary heart disease in healthy individuals. Whether similar relationships exist for the development of systemic atherosclerosis, such as peripheral vascular disease (PVD), is uncertain. We investigated the association between total adiponectin and risk of lower extremity PVD. Methods and Results: We performed a case control study among 60 diabetic patients in tertiary center, PBM Hospital, bikaner, who were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease. Among 60 patients, 6 developed PVD. Using risk set sampling, controls were selected and matched on age, no smoking status, fasting status, lipid profle, HbA1c, RFT and BMI. On distrib- uting cases according to Adiponectin level in Relation to PVD, total of 60 patients were included in study and distributed in two groups of either decreased or normal adiponectin level. A total of 6 patients had PVD of which adiponectin levels were decreased in 5 patients and normal in 1, and on application of test of signifcance they were found to be statistically signifcant with p value of 0.01. Conclusion: Total adiponectin is inversely associated with risk of symptomatic lower extremity PVD in diabetes patients. Keywords: Adiponectin; Peripheral Vascular Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Atherosclerosis. Abbreviations: PVD: Peripheral Vascular Disease; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; HDL: High-Density Lipoprotein; MI: Myocardial Infarction; TNF-α: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha; NF-κB: Nuclear Factor Kappa B.