Shiraz E-Med J. 2019 July; 20(7):e84762.
Published online 2019 June 15.
doi: 10.5812/semj.84762.
Systematic Review
Health-Related Quality of Life Measured by SF-36 in Iranian Nurses: A
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Fazel Dehvan
1
, Sahar Dalvand
2
and Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
3, 4, *
1
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
2
Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
4
Clinical Care Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
*
Corresponding author: Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Email:
rezaghanei30@yahoo.com
Received 2018 September 29; Revised 2018 December 11; Accepted 2018 December 28.
Abstract
Background: Nurses are the largest group in the health care system. They should have a good quality of life to be able to provide
patients with high-quality care. The aim of the present study was to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among
Iranian nurses.
Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a systematic search was conducted in 2018 for Persian and English articles
on the nurses’ quality of life published in the Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Google Scholar, ISI/Web of Science,
PubMed, and Scopus. The Cochrane Q test and I
2
test statistic were used to test heterogeneity between studies. Because of hetero-
geneity, the data were analyzed using the random and fixed-effects models. All analyses were performed using stata, version 14.
Results: Overall, 13 articles with a total sample size of 4274 patients were included in the analysis. The mean HRQoL score of Iranian
nurses was 60.52 (95% CI: 57.10 - 63.93). The mean score of the physical dimension of HRQoL (63.34 with 95% CI: 57.98 - 68.71) was higher
than the score of psychological dimension (60.72 with 95% CI: 57.80 - 63.64) in Iranian nurses. The results of the meta-regression
analysis showed no significant association between the total HRQoL score and the nurses’ age (P = 0.973) and the sample size (P =
0.12).
Conclusions: The HRQoL of Iranian nurses is not very good. It seems necessary to develop strategies aimed at improving the HRQOL
of Iranian patients, especially their physical domain.
Keywords: Nurse, Quality of Life, Meta-Analysis, Iran
1. Background
Nurses include the largest healthcare workforce who
provide healthcare for patients with various needs, using
their knowledge, skills, and experiences (1). Given the na-
ture of the nursing profession, nurses are always faced
with different stressors, including death, illness, and work-
ing under high pressure. These stressors can gradually re-
duce their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by decreas-
ing their physical and mental strength and impairing their
daily functioning (2, 3). On the other hand, occupational
hazards always threaten nurses more than other members
of the treatment team; for instance, they are encountered
with needlestick injuries averagely four times a year, which
can lead to the transmission of infectious diseases such as
hepatitis B and C, AIDS, syphilis, and brucellosis (4). Job
stress is also an unavoidable part of the nursing profes-
sion and nurses are faced with high levels of job stress due
to such factors as high workload, role conflict, anxiety, in-
adequate equipment, dealing with patients in bad health
conditions, lack of job promotion, inappropriate relation-
ships, and irregular work schedule and work shifts (5-7).
Because of close contact with patients and their compan-
ions, nurses are also faced with workplace violence more
than the other healthcare providers are.
A previous study showed that nurses who considered
their health as bad had a lower HRQoL (8). The quality
of life is a broader concept than health and encompasses
different physical, psychological, cultural, and social as-
pects of health and HRQoL improvement is one of the most
important goals of healthcare systems (9, 10). HRQoL is
a subjective concept that refers to the one’s understand-
ing of his position in life in terms of cultural aspects,
value system, goals, expectations, standards, and priori-
ties (11). Nurses’ HRQoL is heavily related to the health-
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