Aljaber Abo Fakher MG, Al-Assaf M, Abdul-Hak M, Hamadah O, Nofal H. Evaluation of Sexual Dimorphism in Maxillary Right First and Second Molars and Mandibular Left Canine in Syr- ians. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci. 2020;7(5):743-746. 743 OPEN ACCESS https://scidoc.org/IJDOS.php Evaluation of Sexual Dimorphism in Maxillary Right First and Second Molars and Mandibular Left Canine in Syrians Research Article Aljaber Abo Fakher MG 1 , Al-Assaf M 2* , Abdul-Hak M 1 , Hamadah O 1 , Nofal H 3 1 Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria. 2 Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria. 3 Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria. International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Science (IJDOS) ISSN: 2377-8075 Introduction In legal sciences, the term 'Identifcation' in general refers to the process of identifying persons and human remains, particularly in the context of fres, vehicle and aircraft crashes and mass disasters as well [1]. Identifcation of sex in skeletonized and/or heavily decomposed remains is one of the main challenges whose solu- tion contributes to Reaching a positive identifcation process for the victim, which mainly depends on the completeness of the human remains and sexual dimorphism in physical characteristics that differ between societies [2]. While some studies indicated the possibility of determining sex with an accuracy of up to 98% from complete bone remains, this percentage is much lower in incomplete human remains, as a result of violent deaths or due to post-mortem environmental conditions [3]. Teeth are the hardest and most chemically stable tissue of the human body, and it is one of the few parts of the human body that can survive and last even in the most extreme environmental conditions [4]. It thus constitutes a fundamental key in forensic anthropological and genetic investigation. Numerous studies have shown that there are clear differences in inter-ethnic dental sizes, as well as between males and females [5]. Generally, measurements of mesiodistal width (MD), and buc- colingual (BL) width of teeth are a good indicator of sex deter- mination. *Corresponding Author: Maher Al-Assaf DDS-MSc, Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria. Tel: +963991880364 E-mail: dr.maher.assaf1990@gmail.com Received: February 13, 2020 Accepted: May 11, 2020 Published: May 12, 2020 Citation: Aljaber Abo Fakher MG, Al-Assaf M, Abdul-Hak M, Hamadah O, Nofal H. Evaluation of Sexual Dimorphism in Maxillary Right First and Second Molars and Mandibular Left Canine in Syrians. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci. 2020;7(5):743-746. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2377-8075-20000146 Copyright: Al-Assaf M © 2020. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Introduction: Sex determination is an important step in establishing the biological profle of unidentifed human remains in forensic science. Tooth size variations have been reported among sexes and different populations. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the sex of unknown skeletonized or decomposed human remains in Syria using metri- cal measurements on teeth. Materials and Methods: The sample involved 266 individuals from Syrian population (137 female,129 male) aged 18-22 years. mesiodistal widths of left mandibular canines, Buccolingual and mesiodistal widths of frst and second upper right mo- lars were measured on gypsum casts with help of digital vernier caliper. These parameters were subjected to different analysis using SPSS 20.0 software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that data were normally distributed, then the parameters were analyzed by t-test for independent samples. And LRA for predicting accuracy percentage. Results: All detected parameters in this study showed signifcant statistical gender difference, mesiodistal width of mandibu- lar canines measurements showed the highest difference, with (P < 0.001 _ mean: 7.139 ± 0.49 mm for males, 6.519 ± 0.28 mm for females). Conclusion: The fndings support the usefulness of employing odontometric analysis of the canines and frst and second upper right molars in gender estimation that lead to identifcation of unknown person in Syrian population. Keywords: Sex Determination; Identifcation; Forensic Odontology; Forensic Anthropology.