Implementing a Mobile Voting System
Utilizing Blockchain Technology
and Two-Factor Authentication
in Nigeria
Temidayo Peter Abayomi-Zannu, Isaac Odun-Ayo, Barka Fori Tatama
and Sanjay Misra
Abstract The voting system in Nigeria has always been filled with different forms
of manipulation, and m-voting was suggested as the solution but has a major problem
which is securely storing the casted votes. Blockchain was proposed to mitigate this
problem and with the utilization of two-factor authentication to prevent illegible
voters from casting their votes. The objective of this paper is to develop a mobile
voting system that utilizes two-factor authentication to authenticate the voters and
blockchain technology to securely store the votes. The system was then evaluated
using the ISO 9241-11 usability model, and the results showed that the proposed
system had a good usability rating which implies that it can be utilized in a voting
procedure.
Keywords Blockchain · Mobile devices · Mobile voting · Two-factor
authentication
1 Introduction
Voting is a process whereby an individual or group of individuals expresses their
opinions or choices which can be either for or against a person (candidate) that could
be either political (elections) and social or public [1]. Ballot/Paper voting is the most
popular means of voting and is still being used in multiple countries around the world.
Ballot voting is a type of voting procedure whereby the choices made by the voters
must be kept secret. Voters tick out their preferred candidate on a piece of paper at
T. P. Abayomi-Zannu · I. Odun-Ayo · B. F. Tatama · S. Misra (B )
Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
e-mail: sanjay.misra@covenantuniversity.edu.ng
T. P. Abayomi-Zannu
e-mail: temidayo.abayomi-zannu@stu.cu.edu.ng
I. Odun-Ayo
e-mail: isaac.odun-ayo@covenantuniversity.edu.ng
B. F. Tatama
e-mail: barka.tatama@stu.cu.edu.ng
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
P. K. Singh et al. (eds.), Proceedings of First International Conference on Computing,
Communications, and Cyber-Security (IC4S 2019), Lecture Notes in Networks
and Systems 121, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3369-3_63
857