Aditya Datta et al., International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 10(5), September - October 2021, 3009 – 3019 3009 ABSTRACT This paper acts as a comprehensive analytical study of natural language processing (NLP) and provides a briefing of the most prominent astounding reforms of the field over a good chunk of time. It covers even the future research insights and most relevant features, which act as a result of the discussed concepts or research, until this paper's reading point. This paper starts with covering the most basic concepts of text cleaning, such as tokenization, the importance of stop words, etc., to concepts such as sequence modeling, speech recognition, the effect of quantum computing concepts in Natural Language Processing, and so on. The current development of deep neural networks, which is the current trend in artificial intelligence, always gives NLP a cutting-edge technology, also covered in this paper. This paper will also emphasize that it covers the broad area of explanations to the concepts to guide learners or researchers to have an excellent overall understanding of the field. Key words: Natural Language Processing (NLP), Tokenization, Deep Learning, Recurrent Neural network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (BiRNN). 1. INTRODUCTION Natural language processing [1] is an essential and profound concept in the field of artificial intelligence and mostly deals with areas related to human-computer interactions. This field has the most important applications, such as text processing, text summarization, document analysis, sentiment classification, etc., which will be further discussed in this paper, the applications section, and future research. Before discussing the most prominent features, this paper would like to state the name of the person who started the research in this field, who is none other than Alan Turing in his research article published in 1950 by the name “computing machinery and intelligence” [2]. Firstly, we would like to discuss concepts related to text processing and their importance in the future chain of topics going to be discussed. In recent times, many outstanding reforms have occurred in this field, no matter how it is analyzed from many points of view. For instance, right from traditional approaches like TF-IDF, parsing, regular expression matching, strings, etc., to word vectors, similarity scores with various parameters like Euclidean distance, cosine similarity, etc. This field has also witnessed ongoing breakthroughs like neural networks, machine translation, sentiment classification, emotional analysis of documents, and to enhance it, the percentage of importance of a particular statement in a specified context. On that note, the importance of word embedding in the applications mentioned above cannot be neglected, and what new application ideas and details it has given to the scientists to excel in the given area of proficiency should also be valued in its way. Its importance has grown so much that it would not be exaggerating to say that it currently holds a massive share in ongoing research in artificial intelligence. The world has also witnessed the wonders in this research and has accomplished successful tools like Alexa, Google Assistant, Siri of apple, etc., which gained profound importance and popularity in many households and the help it delivers in reforming technology bringing the future to the present. Speech-to-text converters helped in education, and machine translation helped the people connect globally even if they are of varied cultures, varied traditions, and varied languages. It has helped significantly in bringing the world near to us in its way. This breakthrough has also led to new and exciting research areas like the study of animal language, their speech, and the analysis of their emotions, which has helped many countries think about how technology can transform our understanding with respect to nature and its functionalities. It has also helped many animal researchers to show improvements in their research regarding animal behavior and functioning. This is just the beginning of the entire vast subject of NLP and what it can do in people’s lives and to get a clear picture of nature and its interactions with each other. It has removed the partitions among people with people, people, and wildlife and people with technologies as it has become a part of our lives, helping us develop day by day and to develop our understanding regarding it day by day. It is a special type of relationship A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Traditional and Recent Development in Natural Language Processing Aditya Datta 1 , Biswajit Jena 2* , Amiya Kumar Dash 3 , Roshni Pradhan 4 1 International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India, Email:b518017@iiit-bh.ac.in. 2 International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India, Email: c118002@iiit-bh.ac.in. 3 KIIT University, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India, Email:amiya.dasfcs@kiit.ac.in. 4 KIIT University, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India, Email: roshni.pradhanfcs@kiit.ac.in *Corresponding Author Received Date : August 04, 2021 Accepted Date : September 13, 2021 Published Date : October 06, 2021 ISSN 2278-3091 Volume 10, No.5, September - October 2021 International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering Available Online at http://www.warse.org/IJATCSE/static/pdf/file/ijatcse121052021.pdf https://doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2021/121052021